Pougnet Richard, Pougnet Laurence, Loddé Brice, Canals Luisa, Bell Sally, Lucas David, Dewitte Jean-Dominique
Environmental, Maritime and Professional Pathologies Centre, University Hospital Morvan, Brest, France; Maritime Medicine French Society (SFMM), Brest, France.
Int Marit Health. 2014;65(4):199-204. doi: 10.5603/IMH.2014.0038.
For many years, studies have confirmed that there is a high prevalence of addiction amongst seafarers. The effect of this is even more serious when one considers their isolated and even hostile living environment presenting risks which require vigilance and rapid reactions. The purpose of this article is to determine the extent of knowledge about addiction among seafarers.
This is a review of the literature between 1993 and 2013 with respect to the prevalence of consumption of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and other drugs amongst seafarers. Total prevalence was calculated using the virtual population represented by the subjects of each article, when drug consumption definition was the same between articles and when mariners studied were different.
63.1% (range 38.4-96.3%) of seafarers smoked tobacco. 14.5% (range 8.8-75%) of seafarers drank alcohol. 3.4% (range 9-45%) had used cannabis during the previous month. Few studies concerned other drugs; 3-10% of seafarers used drugs on board.
The prevalence of tobacco and alcohol consumption amongst seafarers was higher than that in the general population. Further studies on the use of drugs at work would be valuable for this population who are subject to significant occupational risk.
多年来，研究证实海员中成瘾现象普遍存在。当考虑到他们孤立甚至恶劣的生活环境带来需要警惕和快速反应的风险时，这种影响就更加严重。本文的目的是确定海员对成瘾的了解程度。
这是一篇对1993年至2013年期间关于海员中酒精、烟草、大麻、可卡因、海洛因及其他药物消费流行情况的文献综述。当各文章中药物消费定义相同且所研究的海员不同时，使用每篇文章中的研究对象所代表的虚拟总体来计算总流行率。
63.1%（范围38.4 - 96.3%）的海员吸烟。14.5%（范围8.8 - 75%）的海员饮酒。3.4%（范围9 - 45%）的海员在上个月使用过大麻。很少有研究涉及其他药物；3 - 10%的海员在船上使用药物。
海员中烟草和酒精消费的流行率高于普通人群。对这一面临重大职业风险的人群进行关于工作中使用药物的进一步研究将很有价值。
