Laraqui Omar, Laraqui Salwa, Manar Nadia, Ghailan Tarik, Deschamps Frederic, Laraqui Chakib H
Ecole supérieure d'ingénierie de la santé, Casablanca.
Int Marit Health. 2017;68(1):19-25. doi: 10.5603/IMH.2017.0004.
The prevalence of toxic habits is constantly increasing in developing countries and all professional sectors are concerned. Seafarers are a particular target because of the dangerousness and complexity of their work. However, few studies have investigated toxic habits in this population. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of the use and misuse of addictive substances in seafarers and to appreciate poly-consumptions according to socio-demographic and occupational characteristics.
This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 1,219 fishermen. Subjects filled a questionnaire during their medical examination. The questionnaire covered socio-demographic and occupational characteristics, toxic habits (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and others psychotropic substances). The misuse was assessed by specific tests: dependence on smoking tobacco (Fagerstrom), Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT).
The prevalence of consumption was 58.5% for smoking tobacco, 36.2% for cannabis, and 36.5% for alcohol. Amongst consumers, the prevalence of dependence or misuse was 49% for smoking tobacco, 61.2% for cannabis and 86% for alcohol. Only 115 (9.4%) people had no toxic habit. 56.4% had one toxic habit, 20.4% had two toxic habits, 11.9% had three toxic habits and 1.9% had four toxic habits. The most frequent associations were tobacco-cannabis (10.5%) and tobacco-alcohol (6.1%).
In this sector, occupational health physicians have to play a key role in raising awareness and fighting against toxic habits.
在发展中国家，不良习惯的流行率持续上升，所有专业领域都受到影响。由于工作的危险性和复杂性，海员成为了一个特殊的目标群体。然而，很少有研究调查过这一人群的不良习惯。本研究的目的是确定海员中成瘾物质的使用和滥用情况，并根据社会人口统计学和职业特征评估多种物质的消费情况。
本横断面研究在1219名渔民中进行。研究对象在体检时填写了一份问卷。问卷涵盖了社会人口统计学和职业特征、不良习惯（烟草、酒精、大麻和其他精神活性物质）。通过特定测试评估滥用情况：烟草依赖（法格斯特罗姆测试）、大麻滥用筛查测试（CAST）和酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）。
烟草消费率为58.5%，大麻为36.2%，酒精为36.5%。在消费者中，烟草依赖或滥用率为49%，大麻为61.2%，酒精为86%。只有115人（9.4%）没有不良习惯。56.4%的人有1种不良习惯，20.4%的人有2种不良习惯，11.9%的人有3种不良习惯，1.9%的人有4种不良习惯。最常见的组合是烟草-大麻（10.5%）和烟草-酒精（6.1%）。
在这个行业中，职业健康医生必须在提高认识和打击不良习惯方面发挥关键作用。
