Martinez William, Polo Antonio J, Zelic Kate J
Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
J Trauma Stress. 2014 Dec;27(6):655-63. doi: 10.1002/jts.21967.
Trauma exposure in youth is widespread, yet symptom expression varies. The present study employs a within-scale meta-analytic framework to explore determinants of differential responses to trauma exposure. The meta-analysis included 74 studies employing samples of youth exposed to traumatic events and who completed the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC). Mean weighted T scores across all TSCC subscales for U.S. samples ranged between 49 and 52. Youth outside the U.S. reported higher posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, whereas those exposed to sexual abuse reported the highest posttraumatic stress, anxiety, depressive, and dissociative symptoms. Higher female representation in samples was associated with higher symptoms on all TSCC subscales except anger. In contrast, ethnic minority representation was associated with lower depressive symptoms. Moderator analyses revealed that sexual abuse, increased percentage of females, and older age were all associated with higher posttraumatic symptoms. The present meta-analytic results help elucidate some of the divergent findings on symptom expression in youth exposed to traumatic events.
青少年时期遭受创伤的情况很普遍，但症状表现各不相同。本研究采用量表内荟萃分析框架，以探究创伤暴露差异反应的决定因素。该荟萃分析纳入了74项研究，这些研究的样本为遭受创伤事件的青少年，且他们都完成了儿童创伤症状检查表（TSCC）。美国样本在所有TSCC子量表上的平均加权T分数在49至52之间。美国以外的青少年报告的创伤后应激、焦虑和抑郁症状更高，而遭受性虐待的青少年报告的创伤后应激、焦虑、抑郁和分离症状最高。样本中女性比例较高与除愤怒外的所有TSCC子量表上的较高症状相关。相比之下，少数族裔比例与较低的抑郁症状相关。调节因素分析显示，性虐待、女性比例增加和年龄较大均与较高的创伤后症状相关。本荟萃分析结果有助于阐明在遭受创伤事件的青少年中，关于症状表现的一些不同研究结果。
