Zielonka Stefan, Empting Martin, Grzeschik Julius, Könning Doreen, Barelle Caroline J, Kolmar Harald
a Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry ; Technische Universität Darmstadt ; Darmstadt , Germany.
MAbs. 2015;7(1):15-25. doi: 10.4161/19420862.2015.989032.
In addition to antibodies with the classical composition of heavy and light chains, the adaptive immune repertoire of sharks also includes a heavy-chain only isotype, where antigen binding is mediated exclusively by a small and highly stable domain, referred to as vNAR. In recent years, due to their high affinity and specificity combined with their small size, high physicochemical stability and low-cost of production, vNAR fragments have evolved as promising target-binding scaffolds that can be tailor-made for applications in medicine and biotechnology. This review highlights the structural features of vNAR molecules, addresses aspects of their generation using immunization or in vitro high throughput screening methods and provides examples of therapeutic, diagnostic and other biotechnological applications.
除了具有重链和轻链经典组成的抗体外，鲨鱼的适应性免疫库还包括一种仅含重链的同种型，其中抗原结合仅由一个小的、高度稳定的结构域介导，称为可变新抗原受体（vNAR）。近年来，由于vNAR片段具有高亲和力和特异性，再加上其体积小、物理化学稳定性高和生产成本低，已发展成为有前景的靶标结合支架，可针对医学和生物技术应用进行定制。本综述重点介绍了vNAR分子的结构特征，探讨了使用免疫或体外高通量筛选方法产生vNAR分子的相关方面，并提供了治疗、诊断和其他生物技术应用的实例。
