Lorini C, Pieralli F, Mersi A, Cecconi R, Garofalo G, Santini M G, Bonaccorsi G
Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Italy.
School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Florence, Italy.
Ann Ig. 2014 Nov-Dec;26(6):499-506. doi: 10.7416/ai.2014.2008.
Safety belt and helmet use was estimated from PASSI data and measured through Ulisse observations. Between 2008 and 2012 a total of 2,081 cars and motorcycle users were interviewed in the LHU of Florence and a total of 59,787 drivers (11,870 front passengers, 1,129 rear passengers and 16,816 motorcyclists) were observed. The comparison between self-reported and observed prevalences was performed by calculating the over-reporting factor (ORF), defined as the ratio of the self-reported to the observed prevalence of seat belt or helmet use. The time trend of the prevalence (both from self-reported and observed data) and of the ORF was assessed by using linear regression and Poisson's regression, respectively.
The correlation between self-reported and observed prevalence is high, with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.95 (p <0.05). Regarding front seat belt use rates, the difference between self-reported and observed data increases over time and the ORF range varies from 1.12 to 1.32. Rear seat belt data show a great variability, and the ORF varies from 0.67 to 1.37. In 2011 and 2012, the observed prevalence was higher than the self-reported one (ORF <1). Helmet use rates are very high, close to 100% with both methods; ORF has very small oscillations and ranges from 0.98 to 1, showing a good correlation between self-reported and observational data. There are no significant temporal variations both for the prevalences of use and for the ORF.
The reasonable accuracy of self-reported data makes this method fit in the routinary assessment of safety belts and helmet usage, in order to limit the observations of the Ulisse system at predetermined time intervals. However, self-reported estimates need to be adjusted using an appropriate over-reporting factor.
安全带和头盔使用情况通过PASSI数据进行估算，并通过尤利西斯（Ulisse）观察进行测量。2008年至2012年期间，在佛罗伦萨的地方卫生单位（LHU）共采访了2081名汽车和摩托车使用者，共观察了59787名驾驶员（11870名前排乘客、1129名后排乘客和16816名摩托车骑手）。通过计算过度报告因子（ORF）来比较自我报告的患病率和观察到的患病率，ORF定义为安全带或头盔使用的自我报告患病率与观察到的患病率之比。分别使用线性回归和泊松回归评估患病率（来自自我报告和观察数据）以及ORF的时间趋势。
自我报告的患病率与观察到的患病率之间的相关性很高，皮尔逊相关系数为0.95（p<0.05）。关于前排安全带使用率，自我报告数据与观察到的数据之间的差异随时间增加，ORF范围从1.12到1.32。后排安全带数据显示出很大的变异性，ORF范围从0.67到1.37。在2011年和2012年，观察到的患病率高于自我报告的患病率（ORF<1）。头盔使用率非常高，两种方法都接近100%；ORF波动非常小，范围从0.98到1，表明自我报告数据与观察数据之间具有良好的相关性。使用患病率和ORF均无显著的时间变化。
自我报告数据的合理准确性使得该方法适用于安全带和头盔使用情况的常规评估，以便在预定的时间间隔内限制尤利西斯系统的观察。然而，自我报告的估计值需要使用适当的过度报告因子进行调整。
