Carvallo Francisco R, Poppenga Robert, Kinde Hailu, Diab Santiago S, Nyaoke Akinyi C, Hill Ashley E, Arthur Rick M, Uzal Francisco A
California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino branch (Carvallo, Kinde, Nyaoke, Uzal), CADavis branch (Poppenga, Diab, Hill), CASchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA (Arthur).
California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino branch (Carvallo, Kinde, Nyaoke, Uzal), CADavis branch (Poppenga, Diab, Hill), CASchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA (Arthur)
J Vet Diagn Invest. 2015 Jan;27(1):112-6. doi: 10.1177/1040638714559970.
Five horses originating from 4 different California race tracks were submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory for necropsy and diagnostic workup. The 5 horses had a history of sudden collapse and death during exercise. In all of them, massive hemoperitoneum and hemorrhages in other cavities or organs were observed. The liver from these 5 animals and from 27 horses that had been euthanized due to catastrophic leg injuries (controls) were subjected to a rodenticide anticoagulant screen. Traces of brodifacoum, diphacinone, or bromadiolone were detected in the 5 horses with massive bleeding (5/5), and no traces of rodenticides were detected in control horses (0/27). Other frequent causes of massive hemorrhages in horses were ruled out in 4 of the cases; one of the horses had a pelvic fracture. Although only traces of anticoagulants were found in the livers of these horses and the role of these substances in the massive bleeding remains uncertain, it is speculated that exercise-related increases in blood pressure may have reduced the threshold for toxicity of these anticoagulants.
五匹来自加利福尼亚州4个不同赛马场的马被送往加利福尼亚动物卫生与食品安全实验室进行尸检和诊断检查。这5匹马都有在运动过程中突然倒地死亡的病史。在所有这些马中，均观察到大量腹腔积血以及其他体腔或器官出血。对这5匹马以及27匹因腿部严重受伤而实施安乐死的马（对照）的肝脏进行了杀鼠剂抗凝剂筛查。在5匹出现大量出血的马中均检测到溴敌隆、敌鼠酮或溴鼠灵的痕迹（5/5），而在对照马中未检测到杀鼠剂痕迹（0/27）。在其中4例病例中排除了马大量出血的其他常见原因；其中一匹马有骨盆骨折。尽管在这些马的肝脏中仅发现了痕量抗凝剂，且这些物质在大量出血中所起的作用仍不确定，但据推测，与运动相关的血压升高可能降低了这些抗凝剂的毒性阈值。
