Hao Lingxin
Department of Sociology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, Tel: (410) 516-4022, ,
Chin Sociol Rev. 2012 Spring;44(3):6-33. doi: 10.2753/CSA2162-0555440301.
This paper posits that rural migration feeds the high demand for cheap labor in peri-urbanization, which is driven by globalization, flows of foreign capital, and entrepreneurial local governments. While the gravity model and push/pull perspective ignore the dynamics of migratory course, we use the cumulative causation of migration theory to conceptualize social expectations for outmigration and social resources from migrant networks in destinations. Four major findings are drawn from this demographic analysis based on micro data from China's 2000 Census. First, the expectation of outmigration significantly increases outmigration, and this effect is independent of push factors. Second, foreign direct investment (FDI) contributes to attracting rural labor migrants from other provinces to peri-urban areas as it does to cities. Third, social resources from migrant networks play an important role in attracting rural labor migrants to both city and noncity destinations. Fourth, the importance of wage differentials declines in gravitating rural labor migrants to peri-urban areas. These findings provide tentative evidence that rural labor migration is indispensable during initial peri-urbanization. Infused with flows of FDI and entrepreneurial local governments, rural migration has created a favorable initial condition for peri-urbanization.
本文认为，农村人口迁移满足了城郊化进程中对廉价劳动力的高需求，而城郊化是由全球化、外资流动和具有创业精神的地方政府推动的。虽然引力模型和推拉视角忽略了迁移过程的动态变化，但我们运用迁移理论的累积因果关系来概念化对迁出的社会期望以及目的地移民网络中的社会资源。基于中国2000年人口普查的微观数据进行的人口分析得出了四个主要结论。第一，迁出期望显著增加了迁出率，且这种影响独立于推力因素。第二，外国直接投资（FDI）在吸引其他省份的农村劳动力移民到城郊地区方面发挥了作用，就像它在吸引农村劳动力移民到城市方面所起的作用一样。第三，移民网络中的社会资源在吸引农村劳动力移民到城市和非城市目的地方面都发挥着重要作用。第四，工资差异在吸引农村劳动力移民到城郊地区方面的重要性有所下降。这些发现提供了初步证据，表明农村劳动力迁移在城郊化初期是不可或缺的。随着外国直接投资的流入和具有创业精神的地方政府的推动，农村人口迁移为城郊化创造了有利的初始条件。
