波兰上西里西亚地区中小学学生的饮食行为。

Eating behaviours of middle- and secondary-school pupils from the upper Silesian region in Poland.

作者信息

Szczepańska Elżbieta, Szeja Nicola, Szymkiewicz Anna, Kowalska Aleksandra, Lenard Biruta, Bulwicka Anna

出版信息

Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2014;65(4):337-44.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Eating behaviours of school-aged youth condition their emotional and psychophysical development. Moreover, they influence the effectiveness of learning and affect one's health and the quality of life at older age.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the study was the evaluation of eating behaviours of the group of pupils from cities of the Upper Silesian region, as well as the identification of differences between middle-school and secondary-school pupils' eating behaviours.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

902 pupils (474 middle-school and 428 secondary-school pupils) participated in the study. The research materials included questionnaires prepared by the author of the study, containing the questions about the pupils' eating habits.

RESULTS

The middle-school pupils constituted 52.5% of the 902 pupils and the secondary-school pupils were 47.5% of the total. On average, 38.2% of the pupils consumed 4 meals daily. Wholemeal bread and/or groats were eaten daily by 34.4% of the pupils. Milk and/or milk drinks were consumed by 56.3% of the pupils every day and 33.5% of the respondents had also fermented milk drinks daily. 61.3% of the participants declared eating meat at least once a day and 44.9% of the pupils had fish once or twice a week. Vegetables and fruit were eaten daily by 61.4% and 66.6% of the pupils respectively. Sweets were consumed at least once a day by 50.6% of the pupils. Occasional consumption of fast-food products and ready-made meals was declared by 63.9% and 49.7% of the pupils respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Eating behaviours of the discussed group of pupils are mostly incorrect. There were differences found between the middle-school and secondary-school pupils' eating habits. The differences concerned the frequency of eating cheese and curd cheese, fruit, leguminous plant seeds, sweets, fast food products, sweetened drinks and ready-to made food products.

KEY WORDS

eating behaviours, eating habits, eating frequency, pupils.

摘要

背景

学龄青少年的饮食行为影响其情绪和身心发展。此外，这些行为还会影响学习效果，并对其老年时的健康和生活质量产生影响。

目的

本研究旨在评估上西里西亚地区城市中一组学生的饮食行为，并确定初中和高中学生饮食行为之间的差异。

材料与方法

902名学生（474名初中生和428名高中生）参与了本研究。研究材料包括由研究作者编制的问卷，其中包含有关学生饮食习惯的问题。

结果

902名学生中，初中生占52.5%，高中生占总数的47.5%。平均而言，38.2%的学生每天吃4顿饭。34.4%的学生每天吃全麦面包和/或碎粒谷物。56.3%的学生每天饮用牛奶和/或奶类饮品，33.5%的受访者每天还饮用发酵奶类饮品。61.3%的参与者宣称每天至少吃一次肉，44.9%的学生每周吃一到两次鱼。分别有61.4%和66.6%的学生每天吃蔬菜和水果。50.6%的学生每天至少吃一次甜食。分别有63.9%和49.7%的学生宣称偶尔食用快餐产品和即食餐。