Stempel Paweł, Galczak-Kondraciuk Anna, Czeczelewski Jan, Kołdej Małgorzata
Jozef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biala Podlaska, Human Nutrition Laboratory, Biała Podlaska, Poland
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2018;69(3):289-297.
Children constitute a group that is particularly susceptible to the effects of improper nutrition. The knowledge of parents and guardians about proper nutrition affects their children’s nutritional habits and behaviours. Children develop their patterns of nutritional behaviours on the basis of their observations of nutritional habits of adults, nutrition trends and nutritional education.
The aim of the study was to assess nutritional behaviours of children aged 3-7 from selected kindergartens in Biala Podlaska county.
The research included 549 children, i.e. 258 girls (47%) and 291 boys (53%) aged 3-7 years. The study was conducted in 2015 within the county health prevention and promotion programme titled “Together for heart” in several selected kindergartens in Biala Podlaska county. A questionnaire prepared by the authors and distributed among parents of the examined children was used in the study. The questions regarded the frequency and number of meals, types of products consumed between the meals and the frequency of consuming fruit and vegetables, sweets, fizzy drinks, fast foods and milk or dairy products (natural yoghurt, kefir, cottage cheese). Differences between the responses to the questions in groups divided according to sex were analysed with the use of χ2 test (G function).
It was revealed that 219 girls (84.9%) and 273 boys (93.8%) had at least four meals a day while 23.7% of the children left home without breakfast. The main meal, i.e. dinner, was eaten by 227 girls and 256 boys every day, which constituted 88% of each gender group. In turn, 20 girls and 27 boys (8% and 9% of the study participants, respectively) regularly skipped supper. The most common products consumed between the main meals were fruit and vegetables (eaten by 44% of the girls and 39% of the boys). It was declared that dairy products (milk, natural yoghurt and/or kefir) were consumed once a week or less frequently by 43% of the girls and 45% of the boys. Cottage cheese was equally rarely eaten, i.e. 48% of the girls and 44% of the boys reported having it once a week or less frequently. The study also revealed insufficient consumption of fish. It was eaten once a week or less frequently by 60% of the girls and 50% of the boys.
The assessment of nutritional behaviours revealed mistakes which may negatively affect proper development if they are repeated. It seems necessary to implement nutritional education among children and their parents in order to shape proper nutritional behaviours and correct mistakes.
儿童是特别容易受到营养不当影响的群体。父母和监护人对合理营养的了解会影响其子女的营养习惯和行为。儿童基于对成年人营养习惯、营养趋势和营养教育的观察来形成他们的营养行为模式。
本研究的目的是评估比亚瓦-波德拉斯卡县选定幼儿园中3至7岁儿童的营养行为。
研究纳入了549名3至7岁儿童，即258名女孩（47%）和291名男孩（53%）。该研究于2015年在比亚瓦-波德拉斯卡县几个选定的幼儿园内开展的名为“携手护心”的县健康预防与促进项目中进行。研究使用了作者编写并分发给被检查儿童家长的问卷。问题涉及用餐频率和数量、两餐之间食用的产品类型以及食用水果和蔬菜、甜食、汽水、快餐以及牛奶或乳制品（天然酸奶、开菲尔酸奶、农家干酪）的频率。使用χ2检验（G函数）分析按性别划分的组对问题回答之间的差异。
结果显示，219名女孩（84.9%）和273名男孩（93.8%）每天至少吃四餐，而23.7%的儿童不吃早餐就离家。主要餐食即晚餐，每天有227名女孩和256名男孩食用，分别占每个性别组的88%。反过来，20名女孩和27名男孩（分别占研究参与者的8%和9%）经常不吃晚餐。两餐之间最常食用的产品是水果和蔬菜（44%的女孩和39%的男孩食用）。据宣称，43%的女孩和45%的男孩每周食用乳制品（牛奶、天然酸奶和/或开菲尔酸奶）一次或更不频繁。农家干酪同样很少食用，即48%的女孩和44%的男孩报告每周食用一次或更不频繁。研究还显示鱼类摄入不足。60%的女孩和50%的男孩每周食用一次或更不频繁。
对营养行为的评估揭示了一些如果重复可能对正常发育产生负面影响的错误。似乎有必要对儿童及其父母开展营养教育，以塑造正确的营养行为并纠正错误。
