Taloyan Marina, Leineweber Constanze, Hyde Martin, Westerlund Hugo
Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Center for Family Medicine, Academic Primary Healthcare Centers, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels allé 12, 141 83, Huddinge Stockholm, Sweden.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2015 Oct;88(7):849-59. doi: 10.1007/s00420-014-1014-x. Epub 2014 Dec 21.
Self-rated health (SRH) is a well-established measure within social epidemiology. However, most studies on SRH tend to be amongst the general population, where SRH has been found to be lower in women than in men. Few studies have specifically investigated patterns of SRH just within an employed population. The purpose of this study was to (1) investigate whether there are gender differences in reporting suboptimal SRH in an employed Swedish population and (2) study whether these differences could be explained by socio-economic, work-, health- and/or lifestyle-related factors.
This study is cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2008 wave of Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health, a nationally representative cohort of the Swedish working population. This study includes the responses of 9,756 employed individuals. Logistic regression analyses were performed.
After adjusting for age, income and working hours (full vs. part time), men had significantly higher odds of suboptimal SRH than women OR 1.38 (95 % CI 1.22-1.55). With stepwise inclusion of health factors such as long-standing disease, sleep quality and fatigue, the OR for men increased to 1.65 (95 % CI 1.44-1.89). Gender differences in reporting suboptimal SRH were attenuated to 1.29 (95 % CI 1.11-1.51) with the inclusion of lifestyle factors. However, they remained significant after inclusion of all explanatory variables.
In contrast to findings in general population studies, our results show that men in employment have higher odds of suboptimal SRH than their female counterparts. As SRH is an important indicator of health with a strong association with mortality, an excess risk of suboptimal SRH amongst employed men shows that more attention should be paid to men's health in the workplace.
自我评估健康状况（SRH）是社会流行病学中一项成熟的指标。然而，大多数关于SRH的研究往往针对普通人群，研究发现女性的SRH低于男性。很少有研究专门调查就业人群中的SRH模式。本研究的目的是：（1）调查瑞典就业人群中报告健康状况不佳的SRH是否存在性别差异；（2）研究这些差异是否可以由社会经济、工作、健康和/或生活方式相关因素来解释。
本研究是对2008年瑞典健康纵向职业调查数据的横断面分析，该调查是瑞典工作人群具有全国代表性的队列研究。本研究纳入了9756名就业人员的回答，并进行了逻辑回归分析。
在调整年龄、收入和工作时间（全职与兼职）后，男性报告健康状况不佳的SRH几率显著高于女性，比值比为1.38（95%置信区间1.22 - 1.55）。随着逐步纳入长期疾病、睡眠质量和疲劳等健康因素，男性的比值比增加到1.65（95%置信区间1.44 - 1.89）。纳入生活方式因素后，报告健康状况不佳的SRH的性别差异减弱至1.29（95%置信区间1.11 - 1.51）。然而，在纳入所有解释变量后，这些差异仍然显著。
与普通人群研究的结果相反，我们的研究结果表明，就业男性报告健康状况不佳的SRH几率高于女性同行。由于SRH是健康的重要指标，与死亡率密切相关，就业男性中健康状况不佳的SRH风险过高表明，职场中应更加关注男性健康。
