Zhang Layan, Evans Daniel S, Raheja Uttam K, Stephens Sarah H, Stiller John W, Reeves Gloria M, Johnson Mary, Ryan Kathleen A, Weizel Nancy, Vaswani Dipika, McLain Hassan, Shuldiner Alan R, Mitchell Braxton D, Hsueh Wen-Chi, Snitker Soren, Postolache Teodor T
Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Washington, D.C., USA.
California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.
J Affect Disord. 2015 Mar 15;174:209-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.11.039. Epub 2014 Nov 28.
Several studies documented that lower scores on the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) are associated with a higher global seasonality of mood (GSS). As for the Modern Man artificial lighting predominantly extends evening activity and exposure to light, and as evening bright light phase is known to delay circadian rhythms, this chronic exposure could potentially lead to both lower Morningness as well as higher GSS. The aim of the study was to investigate if the MEQ-GSS relationship holds in the Old Order Amish of Lancaster County, PA, a population that does not use network electrical light.
489 Old Order Amish adults (47.6% women), with average (SD) age of 49.7 (14.2) years, completed both the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) for the assessment of GSS, and MEQ. Associations between GSS scores and MEQ scores were analyzed using linear models, accounting for age, gender and relatedness by including the relationship matrix in the model as a random effect.
GSS was inversely associated with MEQ scores (p=0.006, adjusted).
include a potential recall bias associated with self-report questionnaires and no actual light exposure measurements.
We confirmed the previously reported inverse association between MEQ scores and lower seasonality of mood, for the first time in a population that does not use home network electrical lighting. This result suggests that the association is not a byproduct of exposure to network electric light, and calls for additional research to investigate mechanisms by which Morningness is negatively associated with seasonality.
多项研究表明，晨型-夜型问卷（MEQ）得分较低与更高的全球情绪季节性（GSS）相关。至于现代人，人工照明主要延长了夜间活动和光照暴露时间，而且已知夜间强光阶段会延迟昼夜节律，这种长期暴露可能会导致晨型降低以及GSS升高。本研究的目的是调查在宾夕法尼亚州兰开斯特县不使用电网电灯的旧秩序阿米什人群中，MEQ与GSS之间的关系是否成立。
489名旧秩序阿米什成年人（47.6%为女性），平均（标准差）年龄为49.7（14.2）岁，完成了用于评估GSS的季节性模式评估问卷（SPAQ）和MEQ。使用线性模型分析GSS得分与MEQ得分之间的关联，并通过将关系矩阵作为随机效应纳入模型来考虑年龄、性别和亲属关系。
GSS与MEQ得分呈负相关（校正后p = 0.006）。
包括与自我报告问卷相关的潜在回忆偏差，且未进行实际光照暴露测量。
我们首次在不使用家庭电网照明的人群中证实了先前报道的MEQ得分与较低情绪季节性之间的负相关。这一结果表明该关联并非接触电网电灯的副产品，并呼吁开展更多研究来探究晨型与季节性呈负相关的机制。
