Department of Psychology.
Emotion. 2012 Jun;12(3):437-441. doi: 10.1037/a0027071. Epub 2012 Feb 6.
A literature on young adults reports that morning-type individuals, or "larks," report higher levels of positive affect compared with evening-type individuals, or "owls" (Clark, Watson, & Leeka, 1989; Hasler et al., 2010). Morning types are relatively rare among young adults but frequent among older adults (May & Hasher, 1998; Mecacci et al., 1986), and here we report on the association between chronotype and affect in a large sample of healthy younger and older adults. Overall, older adults reported higher levels of positive affect than younger adults, with both younger and older morning types reporting higher levels of positive affect and subjective health than age mates who scored lower on morningness. Morningness partially mediated the association between age and positive affect, suggesting that greater morningness tendencies among older adults may contribute to their improved well-being relative to younger adults.
一项关于年轻人的文献报告称，与“夜猫子”（晚上型的人）相比，“百灵鸟”（早上型的人）表现出更高水平的积极情绪（Clark、Watson 和 Leeka，1989；Hasler 等人，2010）。在年轻人中，早上型的人相对较少，但在老年人中则较为常见（May 和 Hasher，1998；Mecacci 等人，1986），我们在此报告了在一个较大的健康年轻和年长成年人样本中，生物钟类型与情绪之间的关联。总的来说，老年人报告的积极情绪水平高于年轻人，年轻和年长的早上型人群报告的积极情绪和主观健康水平都高于在早上时相得分较低的同龄人。早上时相部分介导了年龄与积极情绪之间的关联，这表明老年人中更大的早上时相倾向可能有助于他们的幸福感相对年轻人得到改善。
