Squadrone Roberto, Rodano Renato, Hamill Joseph, Preatoni Ezio
a Department of Sport Science, Institute of Sport Medicine and Sport Science, Italian Olympic National Committee , Rome , Italy.
J Sports Sci. 2015;33(11):1196-204. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2014.989534. Epub 2014 Dec 20.
Despite the growing interest in minimalist shoes, no studies have compared the efficacy of different types of minimalist shoe models in reproducing barefoot running patterns and in eliciting biomechanical changes that make them differ from standard cushioned running shoes. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of different footwear models, marketed as "minimalist" by their manufacturer, on running biomechanics. Six running shoes marketed as barefoot/minimalist models, a standard cushioned shoe and the barefoot condition were tested. Foot-/shoe-ground pressure and three-dimensional lower limb kinematics were measured in experienced rearfoot strike runners while they were running at 3.33 m · s⁻¹ on an instrumented treadmill. Physical and mechanical characteristics of shoes (mass, heel and forefoot sole thickness, shock absorption and flexibility) were measured with laboratory tests. There were significant changes in foot strike pattern (described by the strike index and foot contact angle) and spatio-temporal stride characteristics, whereas only some among the other selected kinematic parameters (i.e. knee angles and hip vertical displacement) changed accordingly. Different types of minimalist footwear models induced different changes. It appears that minimalist footwear with lower heel heights and minimal shock absorption is more effective in replicating barefoot running.
尽管人们对极简主义跑鞋的兴趣日益浓厚，但尚无研究比较过不同类型的极简主义鞋款在重现赤足跑步模式以及引发使其与标准缓冲跑鞋不同的生物力学变化方面的效果。本研究的目的是调查制造商将其作为“极简主义”销售的不同鞋类款式对跑步生物力学的急性影响。测试了六款作为赤足/极简主义款式销售的跑鞋、一款标准缓冲跑鞋以及赤足状态。在经验丰富的后足着地跑步者以3.33 m·s⁻¹的速度在装有仪器的跑步机上跑步时，测量了足/鞋与地面的压力以及下肢三维运动学数据。通过实验室测试测量了鞋子的物理和机械特性（质量、后跟和前脚掌鞋底厚度、减震和柔韧性）。着地模式（由着地指数和足接触角描述）和时空步幅特征有显著变化，而其他选定的运动学参数中只有一些（即膝关节角度和髋关节垂直位移）相应发生了变化。不同类型的极简主义鞋款引发了不同的变化。似乎后跟高度较低且减震最小的极简主义鞋在复制赤足跑步方面更有效。
