Wang Tingting, Pan Liuxing, Zhang Yalin, Dai Wu
Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Arthropod Struct Dev. 2015 Mar;44(2):121-30. doi: 10.1016/j.asd.2014.12.001. Epub 2014 Dec 19.
Mouthparts associated with feeding behavior and feeding habits are important sensory and feeding structures in insects. To obtain a better understanding of feeding in Cercopoidea, the morphology of mouthparts of the spittlebug, Philagra albinotata Uhler was examined using scanning electron microscopy. The mouthparts of P. albinotata are of the typical piercing-sucking type found in Hemiptera, comprising a cone-shaped labrum, a tube-like, three-segmented labium with a deep groove on the anterior side, and a stylet fascicle consisting of two mandibular and two maxillary stylets. The mandibles consist of a dorsal smooth region and a ventral serrate region near the apical half of the external convex region, and bear five nodules or teeth on the dorsal external convex region on the distal extremity; these are regarded as unique features that distinguish spittlebugs from other groups of Hemiptera. The externally smooth maxillary stylets, interlocked to form a larger food canal and a smaller salivary canal, are asymmetrical only in the internal position of longitudinal carinae and grooves. One dendritic canal is found in each maxilla and one in each mandible. Two types of sensilla trichodea, three types of sensilla basiconica and groups of multi-peg structures occur in different locations on the labium, specifically the labial tip with two lateral lobes divided into anterior sensory fields with ten small peg sensilla arranged in a 5+4+1 pattern and one big peg sensillum, and posterior sensory fields with four sensilla trichodea. Compared with those of previously studied Auchenorrhyncha, the mouthparts of P. albinotata may be distinguished by the shape of the mandibles, the multi-peg structures and a tooth between the salivary canal and the food canal on the extreme end of the stylets. The mouthpart morphology is illustrated using scanning electron micrographs, and the taxonomic and putative functional significance of the different structures is briefly discussed.
与取食行为和取食习性相关的口器是昆虫重要的感觉和取食结构。为了更好地了解沫蝉总科昆虫的取食情况，利用扫描电子显微镜对沫蝉Philagra albinotata Uhler的口器形态进行了研究。P. albinotata的口器属于半翅目典型的刺吸式口器，由一个锥形上唇、一个管状的三节下唇（下唇前侧有一条深沟）以及一个由两根下颚针和两根上颚针组成的口针束构成。下颚由靠近外部凸起区域顶端一半处的一个背侧光滑区域和一个腹侧锯齿状区域组成，在远端的背侧外部凸起区域有五个瘤或齿；这些被认为是沫蝉与其他半翅目类群相区别的独特特征。外部光滑的上颚针相互嵌合形成一个较大的食物道和一个较小的唾液道，仅在纵向隆线和沟槽的内部位置不对称。每根上颚有一条树枝状管道，每根下颚也有一条。在唇上的不同位置出现了两种毛形感器、三种锥形感器和多栓结构群，具体来说，唇尖有两个侧叶，分为前感觉区和后感觉区，前感觉区有十个小栓感器呈5+4+1模式排列和一个大栓感器，后感觉区有四根毛形感器。与之前研究的叶蝉亚目昆虫相比，P. albinotata的口器可以通过下颚的形状、多栓结构以及口针末端唾液道和食物道之间的一个齿来区分。利用扫描电子显微照片展示了口器形态，并简要讨论了不同结构的分类学和假定的功能意义。
