Buehler Cheryl, O'Brien Marion, Swartout Kevin M, Zhou Nan
University of North Carolina at Greensboro.
Georgia State University.
J Marriage Fam. 2014 Oct 1;76(5):1025-1046. doi: 10.1111/jomf.12130.
The authors used data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development ( = 1,364) to examine maternal work hour status and parenting (sensitivity and learning opportunities) from infancy through middle childhood. Work hour status was conceptualized as nonemployment, part time, and full time. Adjusting for covariates, mothers employed part time had higher sensitivity scores and higher provision of child learning opportunity scores than did mothers who were not employed, and these differences characterized families during early childhood rather than middle childhood. Mothers' provision of child learning opportunities was greater when employed full time (vs. part time) during early childhood. In addition to child age, mothers' ethnic minority status and partner status moderated the association between maternal work hour status and mothers' parenting. In general, the findings supported ideas forwarded by role expansionist theory.
作者使用了美国国立儿童健康与人类发展研究所早期儿童保育与青少年发展研究的数据（n = 1364），以考察从婴儿期到童年中期母亲的工作时长状况及育儿情况（敏感性和学习机会）。工作时长状况被概念化为非就业、兼职和全职。在对协变量进行调整后，与未就业的母亲相比，从事兼职工作的母亲有更高的敏感性得分以及为孩子提供学习机会的得分更高，并且这些差异在幼儿期而非童年中期的家庭中表现明显。在幼儿期全职工作（相对于兼职工作）的母亲为孩子提供学习机会的情况更好。除了孩子年龄外，母亲的少数族裔身份和伴侣状况调节了母亲工作时长状况与母亲育儿之间的关联。总体而言，研究结果支持了角色扩展主义理论提出的观点。
