Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina, NC, USA.
J Fam Psychol. 2011 Dec;25(6):895-906. doi: 10.1037/a0025993. Epub 2011 Oct 17.
The associations between mothers' part-time employment and mother well-being, parenting, and family functioning were examined using seven waves of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development data (N = 1,364), infancy through middle childhood. Concurrent comparisons were made between families in which mothers were employed part time and both those in which mothers were not employed and those in which mothers were employed full time. Using multivariate analysis of covariance with extensive controls, results indicated that mothers employed part time had fewer depressive symptoms during the infancy and preschool years and better self-reported health at most time points than did nonemployed mothers. Across the time span studied, mothers working part time tended to report less conflict between work and family than those working full time. During their children's preschool years, mothers employed part time exhibited more sensitive parenting than did other mothers, and at school age were more involved in school and provided more learning opportunities than mothers employed full time. Mothers employed part time reported doing a higher proportion of child care and housework than mothers employed full time. Part-time employment appears to have some benefits for mothers and families throughout the child rearing years.
本研究使用 NICHD 早期儿童保育和青少年发展研究（NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development）的数据（N=1364），对母亲兼职就业与母亲幸福感、育儿和家庭功能之间的关系进行了七次波次的考察，涵盖了婴儿期到儿童中期。在对母亲兼职就业的家庭与未就业家庭和全职就业家庭进行同期比较的基础上，采用多元协方差分析与广泛控制变量的方法，结果表明，与未就业母亲相比，在婴儿期和幼儿期，兼职就业的母亲抑郁症状较少，在大多数时间点自我报告的健康状况更好。在整个研究期间，兼职工作的母亲往往报告称，工作与家庭之间的冲突比全职工作的母亲要少。在孩子的幼儿期，兼职母亲的育儿方式更敏感，与全职工作的母亲相比，她们在孩子上学年龄时更积极地参与学校活动，并提供更多的学习机会。兼职母亲报告称，她们承担了更多的儿童保育和家务劳动，比全职母亲多。在整个育儿过程中，兼职就业似乎对母亲和家庭都有一些好处。
