Michikawa Takehiro, Ueda Kayo, Takeuchi Ayano, Tamura Kenji, Kinoshita Makoto, Ichinose Takamichi, Nitta Hiroshi
Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan,
Environ Health Prev Med. 2015 Mar;20(2):130-6. doi: 10.1007/s12199-014-0439-x. Epub 2014 Dec 23.
There is no conclusive evidence of adverse health effects caused by short-term exposure to coarse particulate matter, so in this case-crossover study we looked for an association between exposure and emergency ambulance dispatches (as a proxy of acute health outcomes).
We used data on emergency ambulance dispatches in Fukuoka City, Japan between 2005 and 2010. After excluding ambulance dispatches related to external injuries and pregnancy/childbirth, we analyzed data on 176,123 dispatches. Citywide daily mean concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were calculated from ambient monitoring data, and the differences between concentrations of SPM and PM2.5 were used as an exposure surrogate of coarse particulate matter. Using a conditional logistic regression model, we estimated the ambient temperature and relative humidity adjusted odds ratios (ORs) per 10 μg/m(3) increase in coarse particulate matter.
The average daily concentration of coarse particulate matter over the study period was 9.9 μg/m(3), representing 33% of the total concentration of SPM. Elevated concentrations of coarse particulate matter were associated with an increase in respiratory disease-related emergency ambulance dispatches for adults aged 65 years or older (9,716 dispatches, OR for lag0-1 = 1.065, 95% confidence interval = 1.023-1.109). After additional adjustment for exposure to PM2.5, we observed a statistically non-significant increased risk (OR = 1.035, 0.986-1.086).
We found weak evidence of adverse effects of short-term exposure to coarse particulate matter on human health.
尚无确凿证据表明短期接触粗颗粒物会对健康产生不良影响，因此在本病例交叉研究中，我们探寻接触粗颗粒物与紧急救护车派遣之间的关联（作为急性健康结果的一项指标）。
我们使用了日本福冈市2005年至2010年期间紧急救护车派遣的数据。在排除与外伤及妊娠/分娩相关的救护车派遣后，我们分析了176,123次派遣的数据。根据环境监测数据计算全市范围内悬浮颗粒物（SPM）和细颗粒物（PM2.5）的日均浓度，并将SPM和PM2.5浓度的差值用作粗颗粒物接触的替代指标。使用条件逻辑回归模型，我们估计了粗颗粒物每增加10μg/m³时经环境温度和相对湿度调整后的比值比（OR）。
研究期间粗颗粒物的日均浓度为9.9μg/m³，占SPM总浓度的33%。粗颗粒物浓度升高与65岁及以上成年人呼吸系统疾病相关的紧急救护车派遣增加有关（9,716次派遣，滞后0 - 1天的OR = 1.065，95%置信区间 = 1.023 - 1.109）。在对PM2.5接触进行额外调整后，我们观察到风险增加但无统计学显著性（OR = 1.035，0.986 - 1.086）。
我们发现短期接触粗颗粒物对人类健康产生不良影响的证据不足。
