van der Walt Lydia, Suliman Sharain, Martin Lindi, Lammers Kees, Seedat Soraya
a Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505 , South Africa.
J Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2014;26(3):239-49. doi: 10.2989/17280583.2014.923433.
Rape trauma contributes significantly to the mental burden of disease, affecting resilience and vulnerabilities at every developmental life stage. Appropriate resilience-promoting strategies could potentially buffer or protect trauma-exposed individuals from psychopathology.
This study aimed to assess and compare (using validated measuring instruments) resilience, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other variables in the acute aftermath of rape, between adolescent and adult females and to assess associations with these variables.
We conducted a comparative analysis of resilience, PTSD, prior trauma, demographic variables and psychiatric morbidity in 41 adolescent and 47 adult female rape survivors six weeks post-rape. We assessed the relationship of resilience to PTSD, demographic variables and prior trauma and investigated if resilience levels predicted PTSD after adjusting for prior trauma.
We found no significant differences in resilience levels between the groups, but the adolescent PTSD rate (40%) was double that in adults (20%). In adults, a significant negative correlation was evident between resilience and PTSD symptoms scores.
More knowledge of resilience versus stress susceptibility for PTSD throughout the lifespan is needed and can inform the development of more effective clinical assessment and resilience-promoting strategies.
强奸创伤对疾病的心理负担有重大影响，在生命的每个发育阶段都会影响恢复力和脆弱性。适当的促进恢复力的策略可能会缓冲或保护遭受创伤的个体免受精神病理学影响。
本研究旨在（使用经过验证的测量工具）评估和比较青少年女性和成年女性在强奸后的急性期的恢复力、创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）及其他变量，并评估与这些变量的关联。
我们对41名青少年和47名成年女性强奸幸存者在强奸六周后的恢复力、PTSD、既往创伤、人口统计学变量和精神疾病发病率进行了比较分析。我们评估了恢复力与PTSD、人口统计学变量和既往创伤的关系，并在调整既往创伤后调查恢复力水平是否能预测PTSD。
我们发现两组之间的恢复力水平没有显著差异，但青少年PTSD发生率（40%）是成年人（20%）的两倍。在成年人中，恢复力与PTSD症状评分之间存在显著负相关。
需要更多关于整个生命周期中PTSD的恢复力与应激易感性的知识，这可以为更有效的临床评估和促进恢复力的策略的发展提供信息。
