Nöthling Jani, Lammers Kees, Martin Lindi, Seedat Soraya
From the Department of Psychiatry (JN, KL, LM, SS), Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa and PsyQ (KL), ParnassiaGroep, The Hague, Netherlands.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2015 Apr;94(16):e744. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000744.
Women survivors of rape are at an increased risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Traumatic dissociation has been identified as a precursor of PTSD. This study assessed the predictive potential of traumatic dissociation in PTSD and depression development.The study followed a longitudinal, prospective design. Ninety-seven female rape survivors were recruited from 2 clinics in Cape Town, South Africa. Clinical interviews and symptom status assessments of the participants were completed to measure dissociation, childhood traumas, resilience, depression, and PTSD.Traumatic dissociation was a significant predictor of PTSD and depression. The linear combination of prior dissociation, current dissociation, and resilience significantly explained 20.7% of the variance in PTSD. Dissociation mediated the relationship between resilience and PTSD.As traumatic dissociation significantly predicts PTSD, its early identification and management may reduce the risk of developing PTSD. Interventions focused on promoting resilience may also be successful in reducing the risk of dissociation following rape.
强奸案女性幸存者患创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的风险增加。创伤性解离已被确定为PTSD的先兆。本研究评估了创伤性解离在PTSD和抑郁症发展中的预测潜力。该研究采用纵向、前瞻性设计。从南非开普敦的两家诊所招募了97名女性强奸案幸存者。完成了对参与者的临床访谈和症状状态评估，以测量解离、童年创伤、复原力、抑郁症和PTSD。创伤性解离是PTSD和抑郁症的重要预测因素。先前解离、当前解离和复原力的线性组合显著解释了PTSD中20.7%的方差。解离介导了复原力与PTSD之间的关系。由于创伤性解离显著预测PTSD，其早期识别和管理可能会降低患PTSD的风险。专注于提升复原力的干预措施也可能成功降低强奸后解离的风险。
