Farid Marjan, Agrawal Anshu, Fremgen Daniel, Tao Jeremiah, Chuyi He, Nesburn Anthony B, BenMohamed Lbachir
a Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology , Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine , Irvine , California , USA .
b Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine , University of California Irvine, School of Medicine , Irvine , California , USA .
Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2016 Jun;24(3):327-47. doi: 10.3109/09273948.2014.986581. Epub 2014 Dec 23.
Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent public health concern that affects up to 30% of adults and is particularly chronic and severe in the elderly. Two interconnected mechanisms cause DED: (1) an age-related dysfunction of lacrimal and meibomian glands, which leads to decreased tear production and/or an increase in tear evaporation; and (2) an age-related uncontrolled inflammation of the surface of the eye triggered by yet-to-be-determined internal immunopathological mechanisms, independent of tear deficiency and evaporation. In this review we summarize current knowledge on animal models that mimic both the severity and chronicity of inflammatory DED and that have been reliably used to provide insights into the immunopathological mechanisms of DED, and we provide an overview of the opportunities and limitations of the rabbit model in investigating the role of both ocular and nasal mucosal immune systems in the immunopathology of inflammatory DED and in testing novel immunotherapies aimed at delaying or reversing the uncontrolled age-related inflammatory DED.
干眼症（DED）是一个普遍的公共卫生问题，影响着高达30%的成年人，在老年人中尤为慢性和严重。导致干眼症有两个相互关联的机制：（1）泪腺和睑板腺与年龄相关的功能障碍，这会导致泪液分泌减少和/或泪液蒸发增加；（2）由尚未确定的内部免疫病理机制引发的与年龄相关的眼部表面不受控制的炎症，与泪液缺乏和蒸发无关。在这篇综述中，我们总结了关于模拟炎症性干眼症的严重性和慢性且已可靠地用于深入了解干眼症免疫病理机制的动物模型的当前知识，并概述了兔模型在研究眼和鼻粘膜免疫系统在炎症性干眼症免疫病理中的作用以及测试旨在延缓或逆转与年龄相关的不受控制的炎症性干眼症的新型免疫疗法方面的机会和局限性。
