Omelianets M, Piven N, Gunko N, Korotkova N, Sribna V
State Institution National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Melnykov str., 53, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine.
Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol. 2014 Sep;19:126-35.
Objective. The goal of the study was to estimate, from the perspective and in terms of hygienic provisions, the level of local food contamination by 137Cs and their pattern of consumption by residents of foremost radionuclide contaminated territories of Ukraine (Zhytomyr, Kyiv and Rivne oblasts) in the remote period of the Chornobyl disaster. Materials and methods. The article presents analytical data from the National Statistics Office of Ukraine concerning production and consumption of agricultural products in the territories of foremost severe radioactive contamination (TRC) i.e. Zhytomyr, Kyiv and Rivne oblasts (provinces). Data on levels of food contamination (milk, meat, fruits and vegetables, wild mushrooms and berries) received from the regional radiological control centers (RCC) and sanitary and epidemiological agencies/bureaus (SEA) were analyzed. According to results of questionnaire survey of residents in TRC of investigated regions (oblasts) the public awareness of radioactive contamination levels in local food production, their level of consumption and the use of cooking measures to reduce internal dose were assayed. Analytical, mathematical, statistical, sociological, and software engineering methods were applied. Results and conclusions. It was found that in the country and in study areas as well there is more than a half decrease of milk and meat production and consumption, and almost half times increased production of potato. It was shown that locally produced food and wide use of wild berries and mushrooms are dominated in the diet of TRC residents in the remote period after the Chornobyl disaster. Ecological and hygienic monitoring of foodstuffs in TRC proves the probability of product consumption with high content of radioactive materials. Residents territories of the foremost severe radioactive contamination in Zhytomyr, Kyiv and Rivne oblasts are aware about possible contamination of locally produced food with substances of Chornobyl origin and about the ways to reduce the contamination by means of cooking. In order to reduce the levels of possible internal exposure to radiation in population of TRC the agricultural amelioration and monitoring of radioactive contamination of wild and agricultural products should be continued.
目的。本研究的目的是从卫生规定的角度，估算乌克兰切尔诺贝利灾难偏远时期主要放射性核素污染地区（日托米尔、基辅和罗夫诺州）当地食品受¹³⁷Cs污染的水平及其居民的消费模式。材料与方法。本文呈现了乌克兰国家统计局关于日托米尔、基辅和罗夫诺州等受最严重放射性污染地区农产品生产和消费的分析数据。对从区域放射控制中心（RCC）以及卫生和流行病学机构/局（SEA）获得的食品污染水平（牛奶、肉类、水果和蔬菜、野生蘑菇和浆果）数据进行了分析。根据对受调查地区（州）受污染地区居民的问卷调查结果，测定了公众对当地食品生产中放射性污染水平、其消费程度以及采用烹饪措施降低内照射剂量的认知情况。应用了分析、数学、统计、社会学和软件工程方法。结果与结论。研究发现，在该国及研究区域，牛奶和肉类的生产及消费量均下降了一半以上，而土豆产量几乎增长了一倍。结果表明，在切尔诺贝利灾难后的偏远时期，受污染地区居民的饮食中以当地生产的食品以及大量食用野生浆果和蘑菇为主。对受污染地区食品的生态与卫生监测证明了食用高放射性物质含量产品的可能性。日托米尔、基辅和罗夫诺州受最严重放射性污染地区的居民了解当地生产的食品可能受到切尔诺贝利源物质的污染以及通过烹饪降低污染的方法。为降低受污染地区居民可能的内照射辐射水平，应继续开展农业改良以及对野生和农产品放射性污染的监测。
