Kaland Constantijn, Krahmer Emiel, Swerts Marc
Lang Speech. 2014 Dec;57(Pt 4):470-86. doi: 10.1177/0023830913513710.
A central problem in recent research on speech production concerns the question to what extent speakers adapt their linguistic expressions to the needs of their addressees. It is claimed that speakers sometimes leak information about objects that are only visible for them and not for their listeners. Previous research only takes the occurrence of adjectives as evidence for the leakage of privileged information. The present study hypothesizes that leaked information is also encoded in the prosody of those adjectives. A production experiment elicited adjectives that leak information and adjectives that do not leak information. An acoustic analysis and prominence rating task showed that adjectives that leak information were uttered with a higher pitch and perceived as more prominent compared to adjectives that do not leak information. Furthermore, a guessing task suggested that the adjectives' prosody relates to how listeners infer possible privileged information.
近期关于言语产生的研究中的一个核心问题是，说话者在多大程度上会根据听话者的需求调整其语言表达。有人认为，说话者有时会泄露关于某些物体的信息，这些物体只有他们自己能看见，而听众看不见。以往的研究仅将形容词的出现作为特权信息泄露的证据。本研究假设，泄露的信息也编码在这些形容词的韵律中。一项产出实验引出了泄露信息的形容词和不泄露信息的形容词。声学分析和突显度评级任务表明，与不泄露信息的形容词相比，泄露信息的形容词发音时音调更高，且被认为更突显。此外，一项猜测任务表明，形容词的韵律与听众推断可能的特权信息的方式有关。
