Damen Debby, van der Wijst Per, van Amelsvoort Marije, Krahmer Emiel
Department of Communication and Cognition, Tilburg School of Humanities and Digital Sciences, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
J Psycholinguist Res. 2019 Apr;48(2):257-288. doi: 10.1007/s10936-018-9602-7.
In two experiments, we investigated whether speakers' referential communication benefits from an explicit focus on addressees' perspective. Dyads took part in a referential communication game and were allocated to one of three experimental settings. Each of these settings elicited a different perspective mind-set (baseline, self-focus, other-focus). In the two perspective settings, speakers were explicitly instructed to regard their addressees' (other-focus) or their own (self-focus) perspective before construing their referential message. Results evidenced speakers' egocentricity bias. Even though speakers were explicitly aware of addressees' informational need, speakers still referred to information not known to their addressee. Speakers' self-reported perspective-taking behavior correlated with their actual reference behavior. Those who reported to have regarded addressees' perspective were also less likely to have leaked information about their own knowledge and attentional state. Findings are discussed in light of speakers' egocentricity bias and the role of speaker-addressee collaboration in language production.
在两项实验中，我们研究了说话者的指称性交流是否受益于对听话者视角的明确关注。两人一组参与指称性交流游戏，并被分配到三种实验设置之一。每种设置都引发了不同的视角思维定式（基线、自我关注、他人关注）。在两种视角设置中，说话者在构建指称性信息之前被明确指示要考虑听话者（他人关注）或自己（自我关注）的视角。结果证明了说话者的自我中心偏差。尽管说话者明确意识到听话者的信息需求，但他们仍然提及听话者不知道的信息。说话者自我报告的视角采择行为与他们实际的指称行为相关。那些报告说考虑了听话者视角的人也不太可能泄露有关自己知识和注意力状态的信息。我们根据说话者的自我中心偏差以及说话者 - 听话者协作在语言产生中的作用对研究结果进行了讨论。
