Gao Jun-Min, Zhang Ke, Chen You-Peng, Guo Jin-Song, Wei Yun-Mei, Jiang Wen-Chao, Zhou Bin, Qiu Hui
Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China,
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Jun;22(11):8375-85. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-3986-1. Epub 2014 Dec 24.
The Three Gorges Project is the largest hydro project in the world, and the water level of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) is dynamic and adjustable with the aim of flood control and electrical power generation. It is necessary to investigate the pollutants and their underlying contamination processes under dynamic water levels to determine their environmental behaviors in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA). Here, we report the assessment of organotin compounds (OTs) pollution in the river sediments of the TGRA. Surface sediment samples were collected in the TGRA at low and high water levels. Tributyltin (TBT), triphenyltin (TPhT), and their degradation products in sediments were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Butyltins (BTs) and phenyltins (PhTs) were detected in sediments, and BTs predominated over PhTs in the whole study area under dynamic water level conditions. The concentrations of OTs in sediments varied markedly among locations, and significant concentrations were found in river areas with high levels of boat traffic and wastewater discharge. Sediments at all stations except Cuntan were lightly contaminated with TBT, and total organic carbon (TOC) was a significant factor affecting the fate of TBT in the TGRA. The butyltin and phenyltin degradation indices showed no recent inputs of TBT or TPhT into this region, with the exception of fresh TPhT input at Xiakou Town. Shipping activity, wastewater discharge, and agriculture are the most likely sources of OTs in the TGRA.
三峡工程是世界上最大的水利枢纽工程，三峡水库水位动态可调，旨在防洪和发电。有必要在动态水位条件下调查污染物及其潜在的污染过程，以确定它们在三峡库区的环境行为。在此，我们报告三峡库区河流沉积物中有机锡化合物（OTs）污染的评估情况。在三峡库区低水位和高水位时采集了表层沉积物样本。通过气相色谱-质谱法对沉积物中的三丁基锡（TBT）、三苯基锡（TPhT）及其降解产物进行了定量分析。在沉积物中检测到了丁基锡（BTs）和苯基锡（PhTs），在动态水位条件下，整个研究区域内BTs的含量高于PhTs。沉积物中OTs的浓度在不同位置差异显著，在船舶交通量大和废水排放量大的河流区域发现了较高的浓度。除寸滩外，所有站点的沉积物都受到了轻微的TBT污染，总有机碳（TOC）是影响三峡库区TBT归宿的一个重要因素。丁基锡和苯基锡降解指数表明，除了峡口镇有新鲜的TPhT输入外，该区域近期没有TBT或TPhT的输入。航运活动、废水排放和农业是三峡库区OTs最可能的来源。
