Kemps Eva, Tiggemann Marika, Elford Joanna
School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2015 Dec;49(Pt A):94-100. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.12.001. Epub 2014 Dec 13.
Accumulating evidence shows that cognitive bias modification produces immediate changes in attentional bias for, and consumption of, rewarding substances including food. This study examined the longevity of these attentional bias modification effects.
A modified dot probe paradigm was used to determine whether alterations in biased attentional processing of food cues, and subsequent effects on consumption, were maintained at 24-h and one-week follow-up. One hundred and forty-nine undergraduate women were trained to direct their attention toward ('attend') or away from ('avoid') food cues (i.e., pictures of chocolate). Within each group, half received a single training session, the other half completed 5 weekly training sessions.
Attentional bias for chocolate cues increased in the 'attend' group, and decreased in the 'avoid' group immediately post training. Participants in the 'avoid' group also ate disproportionately less of a chocolate food product in a so-called taste test than did those in the 'attend' group. Importantly, the observed re-training effects were maintained 24 h later and also one week later, but only following multiple training sessions.
There are a number of limitations that could be addressed in future research: (a) the inclusion of a no-training control group, (b) the inclusion of a suspicion probe to detect awareness of the purpose of the taste test, and (c) the use of different tasks to assess and re-train attentional bias.
The results showed sustained effects of attentional re-training on attentional bias and consumption. They further demonstrate the importance of administering multiple re-training sessions in attentional bias modification protocols.
越来越多的证据表明，认知偏差矫正会使包括食物在内的奖励性物质的注意偏向及摄入量立即发生变化。本研究考察了这些注意偏向矫正效应的持续性。
采用改良的点探测范式，以确定对食物线索的偏向性注意加工的改变及其对摄入量的后续影响在24小时和一周随访时是否依然存在。149名本科女生接受训练，使其将注意力导向（“关注”）或远离（“回避”）食物线索（即巧克力图片）。在每组中，一半接受单次训练，另一半完成每周一次，共5次的训练。
训练后即刻，“关注”组对巧克力线索的注意偏向增加，“回避”组则减少。在所谓的味觉测试中，“回避”组参与者食用的巧克力食品也比“关注”组参与者少得多。重要的是，观察到的再训练效应在24小时后以及一周后依然存在，但这仅发生在多次训练之后。
有一些局限性可在未来研究中解决：（a）纳入无训练对照组；（b）纳入怀疑探测以检测对味觉测试目的的知晓情况；（c）使用不同任务评估和再训练注意偏向。
结果显示了注意再训练对注意偏向和摄入量的持续影响。它们进一步证明了在注意偏向矫正方案中进行多次再训练的重要性。
