Horton Rachel E, Riddell Rebecca Pillai, Flora David, Moran Greg, Pederson David
*Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada; †Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; ‡Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; §Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; ‖Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2015 Jan;36(1):35-44. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000119.
The relationship between attachment, temperamental fear, and pain-related distress was examined in a sample of 130 caregiver-infant dyads to explore the differential susceptibility hypothesis.
Infant distress was measured during routine immunization at 12 months, and attachment and temperamental fear were measured at 12 to 18 months (meanage = 13.74, SD = 1.35) using the Strange Situation Procedure and parent-rated Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised, respectively.
Immediately before immunization, avoidant infants exhibited significantly less distress than secure infants. Temperamental fear moderated the relationship between attachment and regulation; under conditions of high temperamental fear, avoidant infants regulated distress more slowly than secure infants, whereas under conditions of low temperamental fear, secure infants regulated distress more slowly than avoidant and disorganized infants.
The findings suggest that attachment interacts with extremes in temperamental fear to produce differences in the regulation of distress. The results partially support the differential susceptibility hypothesis.
在130对照顾者-婴儿二元组样本中，研究依恋、气质性恐惧与疼痛相关痛苦之间的关系，以探讨差异易感性假说。
在12个月的常规免疫接种期间测量婴儿的痛苦程度，并分别在12至18个月（平均年龄=13.74，标准差=1.35）使用陌生情境程序和家长评定的修订版婴儿行为问卷来测量依恋和气质性恐惧。
在免疫接种前即刻，回避型婴儿表现出的痛苦明显少于安全型婴儿。气质性恐惧调节了依恋与调节之间的关系；在气质性恐惧程度高的情况下，回避型婴儿比安全型婴儿调节痛苦的速度更慢，而在气质性恐惧程度低的情况下，安全型婴儿比回避型和混乱型婴儿调节痛苦的速度更慢。
研究结果表明，依恋与气质性恐惧的极端情况相互作用，导致痛苦调节方面的差异。结果部分支持差异易感性假说。
