Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Agartala-799022, Tripura, India.
Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Agartala-799022, Tripura, India.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Feb 23;161:255-78. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.027. Epub 2014 Dec 25.
Oroxylum indicum\ (L.) Kurz has been used for centuries as a traditional medicine in Asia in ethnomedicinal systems for the prevention and treatment of several diseases, such as jaundice, arthritic and rheumatic problems, gastric ulcers, tumors, respiratory diseases, diabetes, and diarrhea and dysentery, among others. The present review provides scientific evidence supporting the therapeutic potency of the plant for ethnomedicinal uses and identifies gaps for future research to facilitate commercial exploitation.
This review is based on available information on traditional uses and phytochemical, pharmacological, clinical and toxicity data for Oroxylum indicum that was collected from electronic (SciFinder, PubMed, Science Direct, and ACS, among others) and library searches.
A variety of traditional medicinal uses of Oroxylum indicum in different Southeast and South Asian countries have been reported in books describing the uses of these plants. Phytochemical investigations of the different parts of the plant resulted in identification of approximately 111 compounds, among which flavonoids, naphthalenoids and cyclohexylethanoids are the predominant groups. The crude extracts and their isolates exhibit a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities involving antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anticancer, anti-ulcer, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal and antioxidant activities. Flavonoids are the major constituents of all parts of the plant. From a toxicity perspective, only aqueous and ethanolic extracts of stem bark, root bark and fruits have been assessed and found to be safe. The major flavonoids of the stem bark, such as baicalein, chrysin and oroxylin A, were reported for the first time as natural flavonoids with potent inhibitory activity against endoprotease enzymes and proprotein convertases, which play a key role in the growth of cancer and in viral and bacterial infections. Flavonoids are the active components of bioactive extracts. Several Ayurvedic medicines have been formulated either singly using this plant or along with other herbs for the treatment of different diseases.
Pharmacological results have supported some traditional medicinal uses of Oroxylum indicum. Several extracts and their isolates have been reported to exhibit interesting pharmacological properties. These components could be useful as sources of modern medicines following future detailed studies to elucidate their underlying mechanisms, toxicity, synergistic effects and clinical trials. Attention should also be focused on pharmacological studies investigating the traditional uses of the plant, which have not been yet addressed, as well as clinical studies investigating commercial Ayurvedic medicines and other ethnomedicinal preparations in human subjects based on this plant to confirm the safety and quality of the preparations.
黄蝉属植物（L.） Kurz 作为传统药物，在亚洲的民族医学体系中已有数百年的历史，用于预防和治疗多种疾病，如黄疸、关节炎和风湿病、胃溃疡、肿瘤、呼吸道疾病、糖尿病以及腹泻和痢疾等。本综述提供了科学证据，支持该植物在民族医学用途中的治疗功效，并确定了未来研究的空白领域，以促进商业开发。
本综述基于从电子资源（SciFinder、PubMed、Science Direct 和 ACS 等）和图书馆检索中收集到的有关黄蝉属植物的传统用途、植物化学、药理学、临床和毒理学数据的现有信息。
不同东南亚和南亚国家的书籍中都有关于黄蝉属植物的各种传统药用用途的报道。对植物不同部位的植物化学研究结果鉴定出约 111 种化合物，其中黄酮类、萘酚类和环己基乙醇类是主要的化合物。粗提取物及其分离物表现出广泛的体外和体内药理活性，涉及抗菌、抗炎、抗关节炎、抗癌、抗溃疡、保肝、抗糖尿病、抗腹泻和抗氧化活性。黄酮类化合物是植物所有部位的主要成分。从毒性角度来看，仅对茎皮、根皮和果实的水提物和醇提物进行了评估，发现是安全的。茎皮中的主要黄酮类化合物，如黄芩素、白杨素和黄芩素 A，首次被报道为具有强效抑制内切蛋白酶和蛋白原转化酶活性的天然黄酮类化合物，这些酶在癌症生长以及病毒和细菌感染中起着关键作用。黄酮类化合物是生物活性提取物的活性成分。几种阿育吠陀药物已被单独使用该植物或与其他草药一起制成用于治疗不同疾病。
药理学研究结果支持了黄蝉属植物的一些传统药用用途。有报道称，几种提取物及其分离物具有有趣的药理特性。这些成分可能有用作现代药物的来源，未来需要进行详细研究以阐明其潜在机制、毒性、协同作用和临床试验。还应关注对该植物尚未涉及的传统用途的药理学研究以及基于该植物的针对人类的商业阿育吠陀药物和其他民族医学制剂的临床研究，以确认制剂的安全性和质量。
