Rodwattanagul Soraya, Wongrattanakamon Pathomwat, Chaichit Siripat, Chittasupho Chuda, Nimlamool Wutigri, Hennink Wim E, Okonogi Siriporn
PhD Degree Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
PLoS One. 2025 Jun 12;20(6):e0325795. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0325795. eCollection 2025.
Degenerative diseases occur when humans suffer from oxidative stress, glycation and prolonged inflammation. This study explores the antioxidant, antiglycation, and anti-inflammatory effects of extracts of Oroxylum indicum, a plant used in traditional medicines in Asia. Several extracts from its stem bark were obtained using hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol as extraction solvents. The extracts were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC chromatograms showed that the different O. indicum extracts contained three major flavonoid compounds, namely baicalein, chrysin, and oroxylin A, as well as a phenolic compound, p-coumaric acid. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the extracts were also determined. The ethyl acetate fractionated extract (EAFE) possessed the highest TPC (172 ± 8 mg/g extract) and TFC (147 ± 1 mg/g extract), several times higher than those of crude ethanol extract, ethanol fractionated extract (EFE) and hexane fractionated extract (HFE), respectively. According to the highest levels of TPC and TFC, EAFE showed the highest antioxidant activity with Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity of 9.7 ± 0.1 mM/mg and β-carotene bleaching inhibition of 79.5 ± 1.1%. The activities for the natural antioxidant quercetin were 3.1 ± 0.1 mM/mg and 88.7 ± 0.1%, respectively. EAFE showed the highest antiglycation activity using a bovine serum albumin-methylglyoxal assay with 89.1 ± 0.7% inhibition. These findings indicate that TPC and TFC are the determining factors for the antioxidant and antiglycation activities of the extracts. An in silico analysis suggested that the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts is due to the inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activity by direct binding of the bioactive compounds to the TLR4 protein. Our findings provide scientific support for the use of O. indicum in traditional medicine and demonstrate that EAFE has potential in mitigating oxidative stress, glycation, and inflammation.
当人体遭受氧化应激、糖基化和长期炎症时，就会发生退行性疾病。本研究探讨了亚洲传统医学中使用的植物木蝴蝶提取物的抗氧化、抗糖基化和抗炎作用。使用己烷、乙酸乙酯和乙醇作为提取溶剂，从其茎皮中获得了几种提取物。提取物采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）进行分析。HPLC色谱图显示，不同的木蝴蝶提取物含有三种主要的黄酮类化合物，即黄芩素、白杨素和木蝴蝶素A，以及一种酚类化合物，对香豆酸。还测定了提取物的总酚含量（TPC）和总黄酮含量（TFC）。乙酸乙酯分级提取物（EAFE）的TPC（172±8mg/g提取物）和TFC（147±1mg/g提取物）最高，分别比粗乙醇提取物、乙醇分级提取物（EFE）和己烷分级提取物（HFE）高几倍。根据最高的TPC和TFC水平，EAFE表现出最高的抗氧化活性，其Trolox等效抗氧化活性为9.7±0.1mM/mg，β-胡萝卜素漂白抑制率为79.5±1.1%。天然抗氧化剂槲皮素的活性分别为3.1±0.1mM/mg和88.7±0.1%。使用牛血清白蛋白-甲基乙二醛测定法，EAFE表现出最高的抗糖基化活性，抑制率为89.1±0.7%。这些发现表明，TPC和TFC是提取物抗氧化和抗糖基化活性的决定因素。计算机模拟分析表明，提取物的抗炎活性是由于生物活性化合物与Toll样受体4（TLR4）蛋白直接结合，从而抑制了TLR4的活性。我们的研究结果为木蝴蝶在传统医学中的应用提供了科学支持，并证明EAFE在减轻氧化应激、糖基化和炎症方面具有潜力。
