Adjagba Alex, Senouci Kamel, Biellik Robin, Batmunkh Nyambat, Faye Pape Coumba, Durupt Antoine, Gessner Bradford D, da Silva Alfred
Agence de Médecine Préventive, 164 Rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France.
Agence de Médecine Préventive, 164 Rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France.
Vaccine. 2015 Jan 29;33(5):588-95. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.026. Epub 2014 Dec 26.
To empower governments to formulate rational policies without pressure from any group, and to increase the use of evidence-based decision-making to adapt global recommendations on immunization to their local context, the WHO has recommended on multiple occasions that countries should establish National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs). The World Health Assembly (WHA) reinforced those recommendations in 2012 when Member States endorsed the Decade of Vaccines Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP). NITAGs are multidisciplinary groups of national experts responsible for providing independent, evidence-informed advice to health authorities on all policy-related issues for all vaccines across all populations. In 2012, according to the WHO-UNICEF Joint Reporting Form, among 57 countries eligible for immunization program financial support from the GAVI Alliance, only 9 reported having a functional NITAG. Since 2008, the Supporting Independent Immunization and Vaccine Advisory Committees (SIVAC) Initiative (at the Agence de Médecine Préventive or AMP) in close collaboration with the WHO and other partners has been working to accelerate and systematize the establishment of NITAGs in low- and middle-income countries. In addition to providing direct support to countries to establish advisory groups, the initiative also supports existing NITAGs to strengthen their capacity in the use of evidence-based processes for decision-making aligned with international standards. After 5 years of implementation and based on lessons learned, we recommend that future efforts should target both expanding new NITAGs and strengthening existing NITAGs in individual countries, along three strategic lines: (i) reinforce NITAG institutional integration to promote sustainability and credibility, (ii) build technical capacity within NITAG secretariats and evaluate NITAG performance, and (iii) increase networking and regional collaborations. These should be done through the development and dissemination of tools and guidelines, and information through a variety of adapted mechanisms.
为使各国政府能够在不受任何团体压力的情况下制定合理政策，并更多地运用循证决策，以便根据当地情况调整全球免疫规划建议，世界卫生组织多次建议各国应设立国家免疫技术咨询小组（NITAG）。2012年，世界卫生大会（WHA）强化了这些建议，当时会员国批准了《疫苗十年全球疫苗行动计划》（GVAP）。国家免疫技术咨询小组是由国家专家组成的多学科小组，负责就所有人群所有疫苗的所有政策相关问题向卫生当局提供独立的、基于证据的建议。根据世卫组织-联合国儿童基金会联合报告表，2012年，在57个有资格获得全球疫苗免疫联盟免疫规划财政支持的国家中，只有9个国家报告称设有正常运作的国家免疫技术咨询小组。自2008年以来，支持独立免疫和疫苗咨询委员会（SIVAC）倡议（在法国预防医学局，即AMP）与世卫组织及其他伙伴密切合作，一直致力于加速并系统地在低收入和中等收入国家建立国家免疫技术咨询小组。除了直接支持各国建立咨询小组外，该倡议还支持现有的国家免疫技术咨询小组加强其运用符合国际标准的循证决策程序的能力。经过5年的实施并汲取经验教训后，我们建议未来的工作应沿着三条战略路线，在各国既扩大新的国家免疫技术咨询小组，又加强现有国家免疫技术咨询小组：（一）加强国家免疫技术咨询小组的机构整合，以促进可持续性和公信力；（二）在国家免疫技术咨询小组秘书处内建设技术能力并评估国家免疫技术咨询小组的绩效；（三）加强网络联系和区域合作。这些工作应通过开发和传播工具及指南，并通过各种适用机制提供信息来开展。
