Cioli Claudia, Abdi Hervé, Beaton Derek, Burnod Yves, Mesmoudi Salma
Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale. UMR 7371/UMR S 1146, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France; ISC-PIF (Institut des Systèmes Complexes de Paris-Île-de-France), Paris, France.
School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2014 Dec 29;9(12):e115913. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115913. eCollection 2014.
We explore the relationships between the cortex functional organization and genetic expression (as provided by the Allen Human Brain Atlas). Previous work suggests that functional cortical networks (resting state and task based) are organized as two large networks (differentiated by their preferred information processing mode) shaped like two rings. The first ring--Visual-Sensorimotor-Auditory (VSA)--comprises visual, auditory, somatosensory, and motor cortices that process real time world interactions. The second ring--Parieto-Temporo-Frontal (PTF)--comprises parietal, temporal, and frontal regions with networks dedicated to cognitive functions, emotions, biological needs, and internally driven rhythms. We found--with correspondence analysis--that the patterns of expression of the 938 genes most differentially expressed across the cortex organized the cortex into two sets of regions that match the two rings. We confirmed this result using discriminant correspondence analysis by showing that the genetic profiles of cortical regions can reliably predict to what ring these regions belong. We found that several of the proteins--coded by genes that most differentiate the rings--were involved in neuronal information processing such as ionic channels and neurotransmitter release. The systematic study of families of genes revealed specific proteins within families preferentially expressed in each ring. The results showed strong congruence between the preferential expression of subsets of genes, temporal properties of the proteins they code, and the preferred processing modes of the rings. Ionic channels and release-related proteins more expressed in the VSA ring favor temporal precision of fast evoked neural transmission (Sodium channels SCNA1, SCNB1 potassium channel KCNA1, calcium channel CACNA2D2, Synaptotagmin SYT2, Complexin CPLX1, Synaptobrevin VAMP1). Conversely, genes expressed in the PTF ring favor slower, sustained, or rhythmic activation (Sodium channels SCNA3, SCNB3, SCN9A potassium channels KCNF1, KCNG1) and facilitate spontaneous transmitter release (calcium channel CACNA1H, Synaptotagmins SYT5, Complexin CPLX3, and synaptobrevin VAMP2).
我们探究了皮质功能组织与基因表达之间的关系（由艾伦人类大脑图谱提供）。先前的研究表明，功能性皮质网络（静息态和基于任务的）被组织成两个大网络（根据其偏好的信息处理模式区分），形状像两个环。第一个环——视觉-感觉运动-听觉（VSA）——包括处理实时世界交互的视觉、听觉、体感和运动皮质。第二个环——顶叶-颞叶-额叶（PTF）——包括顶叶、颞叶和额叶区域，其网络致力于认知功能、情感、生物需求和内在驱动的节律。我们通过对应分析发现，在整个皮质中差异表达最显著的938个基因的表达模式将皮质组织成与两个环相匹配的两组区域。我们使用判别对应分析证实了这一结果，表明皮质区域的基因谱可以可靠地预测这些区域属于哪个环。我们发现，一些由最能区分这两个环的基因编码的蛋白质参与了神经元信息处理，如离子通道和神经递质释放。对基因家族的系统研究揭示了家族内优先在每个环中表达的特定蛋白质。结果表明，基因子集的优先表达、它们编码的蛋白质的时间特性以及环的偏好处理模式之间存在很强的一致性。在VSA环中表达较多与释放相关的离子通道和蛋白质有利于快速诱发神经传递的时间精度（钠通道SCNA1、SCNB1、钾通道KCNA1、钙通道CACNA2D2、突触结合蛋白SYT2、结合蛋白CPLX1、突触小泡蛋白VAMP1）。相反，在PTF环中表达的基因有利于较慢、持续或有节律的激活（钠通道SCNA3、SCNB3、SCN9A、钾通道KCNF1、KCNG1）并促进自发递质释放（钙通道CACNA1H及突触结合蛋白SYT5、结合蛋白CPLX3和突触小泡蛋白VAMP2）。
