Carta Alessia, Chetcuti Rachel, Ayers Duncan
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta.
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta ; Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
Genet Res Int. 2014;2014:743050. doi: 10.1155/2014/743050. Epub 2014 Dec 4.
Chemoresistance to conventional cytotoxic drugs may occur in any type of cancer and this can either be inherent or develop through time. Studies have linked this acquired resistance to the abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) that normally silence genes. At abnormal levels, miRNAs can either gain ability to silence tumour suppressor genes or else lose ability to silence oncogenes. miRNAs can also affect pathways that are involved in drug metabolism, such as drug efflux pumps, resulting in a resistant phenotype. The scope of this review is to provide an introspective analysis on the specific niches of breast carcinoma and neuroblastoma research.
对传统细胞毒性药物的化疗耐药可能发生在任何类型的癌症中，这种耐药既可能是固有的，也可能随时间发展而来。研究已将这种获得性耐药与通常使基因沉默的微小RNA（miRNA）的异常表达联系起来。在异常水平时，miRNA要么获得使肿瘤抑制基因沉默的能力，要么失去使癌基因沉默的能力。miRNA还可影响参与药物代谢的途径，如药物外排泵，从而导致耐药表型。本综述的范围是对乳腺癌和神经母细胞瘤研究的特定领域进行深入分析。
