Murdin Louisa, Schilder Anne G M
Ear Institute, University College London, London, U.K.
Otol Neurotol. 2015 Mar;36(3):387-92. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000691.
Balance disorders presenting with symptoms of dizziness or vertigo may have significant impact on quality of life and are a recognized risk factor for falls.
The objective of this review was to systematically synthesize the published literature on the epidemiology of balance symptoms and disorders in the adult community population.
A search was carried out across PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane databases to identify suitable studies. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they contained data on the epidemiology of symptoms of balance disorders (dizziness and vertigo) or balance disorders sampled from community-based adult populations. Data were collected on prevalence and incidence of balance symptoms and on specific balance disorders. A validated risk-of-bias assessment was carried out.
Twenty eligible studies were identified. The lifetime prevalence estimates of significant dizziness ranged between 17 and 30%, and for vertigo between 3 and 10%. Published point prevalence data exist for Ménière's disease (0.12-0.5%) and for vestibular migraine (0.98%). For benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, 1-year incidence estimates range from 0.06 to 0.6%. There are no community-based studies on the prevalence or incidence of chronic uncompensated peripheral vestibular disorders or vestibular neuritis.
Symptoms of dizziness and vertigo are common in the adult population, and data give a coherent picture of community epidemiology. These data can inform rational service planning and much-needed clinical trials in this field. There are insufficient data on specific balance disorders, especially peripheral vestibular disorders such as vestibular neuritis and its long-term sequelae.
伴有头晕或眩晕症状的平衡障碍可能会对生活质量产生重大影响，并且是公认的跌倒风险因素。
本综述的目的是系统地综合已发表的关于成年社区人群平衡症状和障碍流行病学的文献。
在PubMed、Medline和Cochrane数据库中进行检索，以识别合适的研究。如果研究包含平衡障碍症状（头晕和眩晕）或从社区成年人群中抽样的平衡障碍的流行病学数据，则有资格纳入。收集了关于平衡症状的患病率和发病率以及特定平衡障碍的数据。进行了经过验证的偏倚风险评估。
确定了20项符合条件的研究。严重头晕的终生患病率估计在17%至30%之间，眩晕的终生患病率估计在3%至10%之间。已有梅尼埃病（0.12 - 0.5%）和前庭性偏头痛（0.98%）的发表时点患病率数据。良性阵发性位置性眩晕的1年发病率估计范围为0.06%至0.6%。尚无关于慢性未代偿性外周前庭障碍或前庭神经炎患病率或发病率的社区研究。
头晕和眩晕症状在成年人群中很常见，数据呈现出连贯的社区流行病学情况。这些数据可为该领域合理的服务规划和急需的临床试验提供参考。关于特定平衡障碍，尤其是外周前庭障碍如前庭神经炎及其长期后遗症的数据不足。
