Pringuey D, Cherikh F, Lunacek S, Giordana B, Fakra E, Belzeaux R, Adida M, Azorin J-M
Faculté de Médecine de Nice - UNSA - 28 avenue de Vallombrose 06107 Nice, France.
Faculté de Médecine de Nice - UNSA - 28 avenue de Vallombrose 06107 Nice, France.
Encephale. 2014 Dec;40 Suppl 3:S3-7. doi: 10.1016/S0013-7006(14)70123-X.
The comorbidity of affective disorders with alcohol use disorder remains insufficiently taken into account. In spite of the well-known frequency of the addict comorbidity in most psychiatric disorders, the level of association between affective disorders and alcohol is still underestimated and poorly understood. The label of "double diagnosis" relates to a simple addition of two independent pathologies. It is suggested to consider a "dual psychopathology" combining the effects of one disorder on the other. Interactions between the two disorders commit a complex state calling a new clinical reading, an adapted therapeutic strategy through a necessary integration of care. Association of alcohol use disorder and affective disorder, particularly in bipolar disorders, is correlated with severity, unstable course, treatment resistance and a greater risk of suicide. Alcohol aggravates depression and hampers therapeutics. Alcohol and mania remain a dreaded danger. The mechanism of the comorbid association does not only refer to a behavioral strategy of compensation but seems strongly based on a shared and crossed vulnerability, related to the genetics of the 5HT carrier and gene Clock. Therapeutic limitations do suggest the implementation of an "integrated" device which supposes a new organization of care and facilitation of collaborations between Addiction and Psychiatry.
情感障碍与酒精使用障碍的共病情况仍未得到充分考虑。尽管在大多数精神疾病中成瘾共病的频率众所周知,但情感障碍与酒精之间的关联程度仍被低估且了解不足。“双重诊断”这一标签只是简单地将两种独立的病理状况相加。有人建议考虑一种“双重精神病理学”,将一种障碍对另一种障碍的影响结合起来。两种障碍之间的相互作用导致一种复杂状态,需要新的临床解读,通过必要的综合护理来制定适应性治疗策略。酒精使用障碍与情感障碍的关联,尤其是在双相情感障碍中,与病情严重程度、病程不稳定、治疗抵抗以及更高的自杀风险相关。酒精会加重抑郁并阻碍治疗。酒精与躁狂仍然是令人恐惧的危险因素。共病关联的机制不仅涉及一种行为补偿策略,而且似乎强烈基于一种共同且交叉的易感性,这与5-羟色胺转运体基因和生物钟基因有关。治疗上的局限性确实表明需要实施一种“综合”方案,这意味着要对护理进行新的组织安排,并促进成瘾医学与精神病学之间的合作。