Richard Franck, Bellanger Jean-Michel, Clowez Philippe, Hansen Karen, O'Donnell Kerry, Urban Alexander, Sauve Mathieu, Courtecuisse Régis, Moreau Pierre-Arthur
UMR 5175 CEFE, INSERM, Campus CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier, France
UMR 5175 CEFE, INSERM, Campus CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier, France.
Mycologia. 2015 Mar-Apr;107(2):359-82. doi: 10.3852/14-166. Epub 2014 Dec 30.
Applying early names, with or without original material, to genealogical species is challenging. For morels this task is especially difficult because of high morphological stasis and high plasticity of apothecium color and shape. Here we propose a nomenclatural revision of true morels (Morchella, Pezizales) from Europe and North America, based on molecular phylogenetic analyses of portions of the genes for RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1) and second largest subunit (RPB2), translation elongation factor-1α (TEF1), the nuc rDNA region encompassing the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2, along with the 5.8S rDNA (ITS), and partial nuc 28S rDNA D1-D2 domains (28S). The 107 newly sequenced collections were from both continents, including 48 types, together with previously published sequences. Names are applied to 30 of the 65 currently recognized genealogical species. Results of the present study revealed that the number of Morchella species in Europe (n = 21) is nearly identical to that in North America (n = 22). Only seven species were found on both continents, consistent with previous reports of high continental endemism within the genus. Presently it is not possible to tell whether the transoceanic disjunctions were due to human activities, migration across a Bering land bridge or long-distance dispersal. In an effort to stabilize the taxonomy, due in part to the recent publication of synonyms for 11 of the species, accepted names are presented together with their corresponding later synonyms. A new subclade that includes holotypes of M. castanea and M. brunneorosea is identified in sect. Morchella (Esculenta Clade). Lectotypes for Morchella deliciosa, M. eximia and M. tridentina are designated here, as well as epitypes for M. dunalii, M. eximia, M. purpurascens and M. vulgaris. Morchella conica was determined to be illegitimate, and further research is required to determine the identity of M. elata and M. inamoena.
对系谱物种应用早期名称（无论有无原始材料）具有挑战性。对于羊肚菌来说，这项任务尤其困难，因为其形态高度稳定，子囊果颜色和形状具有高度可塑性。在此，我们基于对RNA聚合酶II最大亚基（RPB1）和第二大亚基（RPB2）、翻译延伸因子-1α（TEF1）、包含内转录间隔区1和2以及5.8S rDNA（ITS）的核rDNA区域，以及部分核28S rDNA D1-D2结构域（28S）的基因片段进行的分子系统发育分析，对欧洲和北美的真羊肚菌（羊肚菌属，盘菌目）进行了命名修订。107个新测序的样本来自两大洲，包括48个模式标本，以及先前发表的序列。在目前认可的65个系谱物种中，有30个被赋予了名称。本研究结果表明，欧洲的羊肚菌物种数量（n = 21）与北美（n = 22）几乎相同。在两大洲仅发现了7个物种，这与该属先前关于高大陆特有性的报道一致。目前尚无法确定跨洋间断分布是由于人类活动、穿越白令陆桥的迁移还是远距离扩散造成的。为了稳定分类学，部分原因是最近公布了11个物种的同义词，现列出了认可名称及其相应的晚出同义词。在羊肚菌组（美味羊肚菌分支）中鉴定出一个新的亚分支，其中包括栗色羊肚菌和玫瑰色羊肚菌的全模式标本。在此指定了美味羊肚菌、卓越羊肚菌和三叉羊肚菌的选模式标本，以及邓氏羊肚菌、卓越羊肚菌、紫羊肚菌和普通羊肚菌的后选模式标本。圆锥羊肚菌被判定为非法名称，需要进一步研究以确定高羊肚菌和羞怯羊肚菌的身份。
