Tatullo Marco, Marrelli Massimo, Paduano Francesco
1. Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Crotone, Italy ; 2. Calabrodental clinic, Biomaterials test unit, Crotone, Italy.
1. Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Crotone, Italy.
Int J Med Sci. 2015 Jan 1;12(1):72-7. doi: 10.7150/ijms.10706. eCollection 2015.
Regenerative medicine is an emerging field of biotechnology that combines various aspects of medicine, cell and molecular biology, materials science and bioengineering in order to regenerate, repair or replace tissues. The oral surgery and maxillofacial surgery have a role in the treatment of traumatic or degenerative diseases that lead to a tissue loss: frequently, to rehabilitate these minuses, you should use techniques that have been improved over time. Since 1990, we started with the use of growth factors and platelet concentrates in oral and maxillofacial surgery; in the following period we start to use biomaterials, as well as several type of scaffolds and autologous tissues. The frontier of regenerative medicine nowadays is represented by the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs): overcoming the ethical problems thanks to the use of mesenchymal stem cells from adult patient, and with the increasingly sophisticated technology to support their manipulation, MSCs are undoubtedly the future of medicine regenerative and they are showing perspectives unimaginable just a few years ago. Most recent studies are aimed to tissues regeneration using MSCs taken from sites that are even more accessible and rich in stem cells: the oral cavity turned out to be an important source of MSCs with the advantage to be easily accessible to the surgeon, thus avoiding to increase the morbidity of the patient. The future is the regeneration of whole organs or biological systems consisting of many different tissues, starting from an initial stem cell line, perhaps using innovative scaffolds together with the nano-engineering of biological tissues.
再生医学是生物技术领域中一个新兴的学科,它融合了医学、细胞与分子生物学、材料科学和生物工程学等多个方面,旨在实现组织的再生、修复或替换。口腔外科和颌面外科在治疗导致组织缺损的创伤性或退行性疾病中发挥着作用:通常,为修复这些缺损,应采用随着时间推移而不断改进的技术。自1990年以来,我们开始在口腔颌面外科使用生长因子和血小板浓缩物;在随后的时期,我们开始使用生物材料以及多种类型的支架和自体组织。如今,再生医学的前沿代表是间充质干细胞(MSCs):由于使用成年患者的间充质干细胞克服了伦理问题,并且随着支持其操作的技术日益复杂,间充质干细胞无疑是再生医学的未来,它们展现出了仅仅几年前还难以想象的前景。最近的研究旨在利用取自更易获取且富含干细胞部位的间充质干细胞进行组织再生:口腔已被证明是间充质干细胞的重要来源,其优势在于外科医生易于获取,从而避免增加患者的发病率。未来是从初始干细胞系开始,或许结合创新支架以及生物组织的纳米工程技术,实现由许多不同组织构成的整个器官或生物系统的再生。