University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Chicago, 900 East 57th Street, MB # 9, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2015 Jan;8(1):4-22. doi: 10.1177/1756283X14547360.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprised of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is believed to develop as a result of a deregulated inflammatory response to environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite advances in understanding the genetic risks of IBD, associated single nucleotide polymorphisms have low penetrance, monozygotic twin studies suggest a low concordance rate, and increasing worldwide IBD incidence leave gaps in our understanding of IBD heritability and highlight the importance of environmental influences. Operating at the interface between environment and heritable molecular and cellular phenotypes, microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous, small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Studies to date have identified unique miRNA expression profile signatures in IBD and preliminary functional analyses associate these deregulated miRNAs to canonical pathways associated with IBD pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize and discuss the miRNA expression signatures associated with IBD in tissue and peripheral blood, highlight miRNAs with potential future clinical applications as diagnostic and therapeutic targets, and provide an outlook on how to develop miRNA based therapies.
炎症性肠病（IBD）包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病，据信是由于遗传易感个体对环境因素的炎症反应失调而发展起来的。尽管人们对 IBD 的遗传风险有了更多的了解，但相关的单核苷酸多态性的外显率较低，同卵双胞胎研究表明其一致性率较低，而全球范围内 IBD 的发病率不断上升，这使得我们对 IBD 的遗传性理解存在差距，并强调了环境影响的重要性。microRNAs（miRNAs）是一类内源性的、小的非编码 RNA，位于环境和可遗传的分子和细胞表型的交界处，它们可以调节基因表达。迄今为止的研究已经在 IBD 中确定了独特的 miRNA 表达谱特征，初步的功能分析将这些失调的 miRNA 与与 IBD 发病机制相关的经典途径联系起来。在这篇综述中，我们总结和讨论了与组织和外周血中的 IBD 相关的 miRNA 表达谱特征，强调了具有潜在未来临床应用价值的 miRNA 作为诊断和治疗靶点，并展望了如何开发基于 miRNA 的治疗方法。
