Larena Fernández Israel, Vara Callau Marta, Royo Pérez Delia, López Bernués Ricardo, Cortés Sierra Jesús, Samper Villagrasa María Pilar
Enfermero, Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España.
Pediatra, Hospital Barbastro, Barbastro, Huesca, España.
Enferm Clin. 2015 Mar-Apr;25(2):57-63. doi: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2014.08.003. Epub 2014 Dec 29.
Numerous obstacles may prevent a premature or sick neonate receiving their mother's milk. In these cases, pediatric scientific societies recommend feeding with donor human milk. In this article, it is explained what a milk bank is, how it works, the donors' selection method, and the benefits. We also describe the current situation in Aragon (Spain) is also described.
A retrospective and descriptive study was conducted on the perinatal sample characteristics, as well as an analytical observational study, comparing two sample groups: pre- and post-human milk bank. Finally, differences in the post-bank stage between those patients fed with own-mother's or donor human milk were determined.
The study included a total of 234 patients: 104 females and 130 males. Two groups: pre and post-bank, with 152 and 82 patients, respectively, which had similar characteristics at birth; length and head circumference were significantly higher in the post-bank group and a lower rate of necrotizing enterocolitis was also found. No statistically significant differences were found in other variables between subgroups fed with own-mother's milk and donor human milk.
The establishment of the human milk donor bank has a beneficial effect, as it reduces neonatal morbidity in cases of necrotizing enterocolitis. Human milk feeding could be a protective factor against neonatal sepsis due to improve immunity.
The incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis is lower after the establishment of the milk bank. Studies with more patients may demonstrate differences in other variables.
众多障碍可能会阻止早产或患病新生儿食用其母亲的母乳。在这些情况下，儿科学术协会建议使用捐赠的人乳进行喂养。在本文中，将解释母乳库是什么、其运作方式、捐赠者的选择方法以及益处。我们还描述了西班牙阿拉贡地区的现状。
对围产期样本特征进行了回顾性和描述性研究，并进行了一项分析性观察研究，比较了两个样本组：母乳库建立前和建立后。最后，确定了那些食用自己母亲的母乳或捐赠人乳的患者在母乳库建立后阶段的差异。
该研究共纳入234例患者：104例女性和130例男性。分为两组：母乳库建立前和建立后，分别有152例和82例患者，两组在出生时具有相似特征；母乳库建立后组的身长和头围明显更高，坏死性小肠结肠炎的发生率也更低。在食用自己母亲的母乳和捐赠人乳的亚组之间，其他变量未发现统计学上的显著差异。
人乳捐赠库的建立具有有益效果，因为它降低了坏死性小肠结肠炎病例中的新生儿发病率。由于免疫力提高，母乳喂养可能是预防新生儿败血症的一个保护因素。
母乳库建立后坏死性小肠结肠炎的发病率较低。对更多患者进行的研究可能会显示其他变量的差异。
