高危精神病态、首发精神病和健康对照组认知功能的性别差异。
Sex differences in cognitive functioning in at-risk mental state for psychosis, first episode psychosis and healthy control subjects.
机构信息
Psychiatric University Outpatient Department, Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Psychiatric University Outpatient Department, Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Psychosocial Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena, Germany.
出版信息
Eur Psychiatry. 2015 Feb;30(2):242-50. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.11.006. Epub 2014 Dec 30.
BACKGROUND
Several sex differences in schizophrenia have been reported including differences in cognitive functioning. Studies with schizophrenia patients and healthy controls (HC) indicate that the sex advantage for women in verbal domains is also present in schizophrenia patients. However, findings have been inconsistent. No study focused on sex-related cognitive performance differences in at-risk mental state for psychosis (ARMS) individuals yet. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate sex differences in cognitive functioning in ARMS, first episode psychosis (FEP) and HC subjects. We expected a better verbal learning and memory performance of women in all groups.
METHODS
The neuropsychological data analysed in this study were collected within the prospective Früherkennung von Psychosen (FePsy) study. In total, 118 ARMS, 88 FEP individuals and 86 HC completed a cognitive test battery covering the domains of executive functions, attention, working memory, verbal learning and memory, IQ and speed of processing.
RESULTS
Women performed better in verbal learning and memory regardless of diagnostic group. By contrast, men as compared to women showed a shorter reaction time during the working memory task across all groups.
CONCLUSION
The results provide evidence that women generally perform better in verbal learning and memory, independent of diagnostic group (ARMS, FEP, HC). The finding of a shorter reaction time for men in the working memory task could indicate that men have a superior working memory performance since they responded faster during the target trials, while maintaining a comparable overall working memory performance level.
背景
已有研究报道了精神分裂症患者中存在多种性别差异，包括认知功能方面的差异。对精神分裂症患者和健康对照（HC）的研究表明，女性在言语领域的性别优势也存在于精神分裂症患者中。然而，研究结果并不一致。目前尚无研究关注精神病高危人群（ARMS）个体的性别相关认知表现差异。因此，本研究旨在探讨 ARMS、首发精神病（FEP）和 HC 受试者认知功能的性别差异。我们预计所有组别的女性在言语学习和记忆方面表现更好。
方法
本研究分析的神经心理学数据来自前瞻性精神病早期发现（FePsy）研究。共有 118 名 ARMS、88 名 FEP 个体和 86 名 HC 完成了认知测试，涵盖了执行功能、注意力、工作记忆、言语学习和记忆、智商和处理速度等领域。
结果
无论诊断组如何，女性在言语学习和记忆方面的表现都更好。相比之下，在所有组中，男性的工作记忆任务反应时间比女性短。
结论
研究结果表明，女性在言语学习和记忆方面普遍表现更好，与诊断组（ARMS、FEP、HC）无关。男性在工作记忆任务中的反应时间较短的发现可能表明，男性的工作记忆表现更好，因为他们在目标试验中反应更快，同时保持可比的整体工作记忆表现水平。
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