Bandiera Frank C, Ross Kathryn C, Taghavi Seyedehtaraneh, Delucchi Kevin, Tyndale Rachel F, Benowitz Neal L
Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA;
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;
Nicotine Tob Res. 2015 Sep;17(9):1167-72. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntu337. Epub 2015 Jan 2.
The Food and Drug Administration has the authority to regulate tobacco product constituents, including nicotine, to promote public health. Reducing the nicotine content in cigarettes may lead to lower levels of addiction. Smokers however may compensate by smoking more cigarettes and/or smoking more intensely. The objective of this study was to test whether individual differences in the level of nicotine dependence (as measured by the Fagerstrom Test of Cigarette Dependence [FTCD]) and/or the rate of nicotine metabolism influence smoking behavior and exposure to tobacco toxicants when smokers are switched to reduced nicotine content cigarettes (RNC).
Data from 51 participants from a previously published clinical trial of RNC were analyzed. Nicotine content of cigarettes was progressively reduced over 6 months and measures of smoking behavior, as well as nicotine metabolites and tobacco smoke toxicant exposure, CYP2A6 and nicotinic CHRNA5-A3-B4 (rs1051730) genotype were measured.
Higher baseline FTCD predicted smoking more cigarettes per day (CPD), higher cotinine and smoke toxicant levels while smoking RNC throughout the study, with no interaction by RNC level. Time to first cigarette (TFC) was associated with differences in compensation. TFC within 10 min was associated with a greater increase in CPD compared to TFC greater than 10 min. Neither rate of nicotine metabolism, nor CYP2A6 or nicotinic receptor genotype, had an effect on the outcome variables of interest.
FTCD is associated with overall exposure to nicotine and other constituents of tobacco smoke, while a short TFC is associated with an increased compensatory response after switching to RNC.
美国食品药品监督管理局有权监管烟草制品成分，包括尼古丁，以促进公众健康。降低香烟中的尼古丁含量可能会降低成瘾程度。然而，吸烟者可能会通过多吸烟和/或更用力吸烟来进行补偿。本研究的目的是测试当吸烟者改用尼古丁含量降低的香烟（RNC）时，尼古丁依赖水平（通过香烟依赖程度弗格斯特罗姆测试[FTCD]衡量）和/或尼古丁代谢率的个体差异是否会影响吸烟行为和烟草毒物暴露。
分析了来自先前发表的RNC临床试验的51名参与者的数据。在6个月内逐步降低香烟中的尼古丁含量，并测量吸烟行为、尼古丁代谢物和烟草烟雾毒物暴露、CYP2A6和烟碱型CHRNA5 - A3 - B4（rs1051730）基因型。
较高的基线FTCD预测在整个研究期间吸RNC时每天吸烟更多支（CPD）、可替宁和烟雾毒物水平更高，且不受RNC水平的交互作用影响。首次吸烟时间（TFC）与补偿差异有关。与TFC大于10分钟相比，TFC在10分钟内与CPD的更大增加有关。尼古丁代谢率、CYP2A6或烟碱型受体基因型均未对感兴趣的结果变量产生影响。
FTCD与尼古丁和烟草烟雾其他成分的总体暴露有关，而较短的TFC与改用RNC后的补偿反应增加有关。
