Lupindu Athumani M, Dalsgaard Anders, Msoffe Peter L M, Ngowi Helena A, Mtambo Madundo M, Olsen John E
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Prev Vet Med. 2015 Mar 1;118(4):477-82. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.12.005. Epub 2014 Dec 15.
Urban and peri-urban livestock farming is expanding world-widely because of increased urbanization and demands for food of animal origin. Such farming practices pose a public health risk as livestock are reservoirs of several zoonotic pathogens. In an attempt to determine the fecal transmission between livestock and people, 100 household clusters keeping cattle in close proximity of humans were selected in urban and peri-urban areas of Morogoro in Tanzania. One hundred eighteen ampicillin and tetracycline resistant Escherichia coli (40 from human stool, 50 from cattle feces, 21 from soil and seven from water samples) were isolated from 44 different clusters. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of XbaI digested chromosomal DNA was used to compare the genetic relatedness of the ampicillin- and tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates. Indistinguishable PFGE band patterns of the ampicillin- and tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates were found in samples from 23 (52%) clusters. This suggests that transfer of fecal microorganisms between cattle, humans, water and soils within the farms and from livestock farms to the neighborhood occurred commonly. Logistic regression showed that animal housing infrastructures (Odd Ratio=11.2, 95% CI=1.1-119.3) were associated with E. coli showing identical PFGE types within and between clusters. There is a need to improve animal husbandry and manure management practices to reduce risks of transmission of enteropathogens between livestock and humans in urban and peri-urban farming.
由于城市化进程加快以及对动物源性食品需求的增加，城市和城郊的畜牧业正在全球范围内扩张。这种养殖方式带来了公共卫生风险，因为家畜是多种人畜共患病原体的宿主。为了确定家畜与人之间的粪便传播情况，在坦桑尼亚莫罗戈罗的城市和城郊地区选取了100个与人类近距离饲养牛的家庭集群。从44个不同的集群中分离出了118株对氨苄青霉素和四环素耐药的大肠杆菌（40株来自人类粪便，50株来自牛粪，21株来自土壤，7株来自水样）。采用XbaI酶切染色体DNA的脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）技术，比较了对氨苄青霉素和四环素耐药的大肠杆菌分离株的遗传相关性。在23个（52%）集群的样本中，发现了对氨苄青霉素和四环素耐药的大肠杆菌分离株具有难以区分的PFGE条带模式。这表明农场内牛、人、水和土壤之间以及从畜牧场到周边地区的粪便微生物转移普遍发生。逻辑回归分析显示，动物饲养基础设施（优势比=11.2，95%置信区间=1.1-119.3）与集群内和集群间显示相同PFGE类型的大肠杆菌有关。有必要改善畜牧业和粪便管理措施，以降低城市和城郊养殖中家畜与人之间肠道病原体传播的风险。
