The Yavne Mental Health Clinic and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
The Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar Ilan University.
Compr Psychiatry. 2015 Apr;58:165-71. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.11.018. Epub 2014 Nov 26.
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by fear and avoidance in social situations where one perceives being in danger of scrutiny by others. Low self-esteem, low self-efficacy, high self-criticism and high dependency are additional potential features of SAD, and thus their examination is warranted, as is the elucidation of their inter-relationship.
Thirty-two SAD subjects diagnosed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and 30 healthy controls, were administered the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale, the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ) that assesses self-criticism, dependency and self-efficacy, and a socio-demographic questionnaire. We hypothesized that the SAD group would present higher scores of dependency and self-criticism and lower self-esteem and self-efficacy. We also hypothesized that low self-esteem, low self-efficacy, high self-criticism and high dependency will predict the severity of SAD.
In line with the hypotheses, SAD patients had higher scores of self-criticism and dependency and lower scores of self-esteem. The social anxiety score correlated negatively with self-esteem and self-efficacy, and positively with dependency and self-criticism. Self-criticism, but not the other measures, predicted the total LSAS score.
Self-esteem, self-criticism, dependency and self-efficacy are related to SAD and their relations should be examined in future studies that will employ larger samples. It is suggested to search for ways to affect these factors through cognitive-behavioral interventions and additional psychotherapeutic treatments. Research should also focus on the specific role of self-criticism in SAD.
社交焦虑障碍（SAD）的特征是在社交场合中感到恐惧和回避，因为人们认为自己会受到他人的审视。低自尊、低自我效能、高自我批评和高依赖性是 SAD 的其他潜在特征，因此需要对其进行检查，阐明它们之间的相互关系也是必要的。
32 名被诊断为 Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview 的 SAD 患者和 30 名健康对照者接受了 Liebowitz 社交焦虑量表（LSAS）、罗森伯格自尊量表、评估自我批评、依赖性和自我效能的抑郁体验问卷（DEQ）以及社会人口学问卷的评估。我们假设 SAD 组的依赖性和自我批评评分较高，自尊心和自我效能感较低。我们还假设低自尊、低自我效能、高自我批评和高依赖性将预测 SAD 的严重程度。
与假设一致，SAD 患者的自我批评和依赖性评分较高，自尊心较低。社交焦虑评分与自尊心和自我效能感呈负相关，与依赖性和自我批评呈正相关。自我批评，而不是其他测量指标，预测了 LSAS 的总分。
自尊、自我批评、依赖性和自我效能感与 SAD 有关，未来的研究应使用更大的样本进一步研究它们之间的关系。建议通过认知行为干预和其他心理治疗方法来寻找影响这些因素的方法。研究还应关注自我批评在 SAD 中的特定作用。
