Pedram Pardis, Sun Guang
Faculty of medicine, Memorial University, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL A1B3V6, Canada.
Nutrients. 2014 Dec 31;7(1):223-38. doi: 10.3390/nu7010223.
The concept of food addiction (FA) is a potentially important contributing factor to the development of obesity in the general population; however, little is known about the hormonal and dietary differences between obesity with and without FA. Therefore, the aim of our study was to explore potential biomarkers, including various hormones and neuropeptides, which regulate appetite and metabolism, and dietary components that could potentially differentiate obesity with and without FA. Of the 737 adults recruited from the general Newfoundland population, 58 food-addicted and non-food-addicted overweight/obese individuals (FAO, NFO) matched for age, sex, BMI and physical activity were selected. A total of 34 neuropeptides, gut hormones, pituitary polypeptide hormones and adipokines were measured in fasting serum. We found that the FAO group had lower levels of TSH, TNF-α and amylin, but higher levels of prolactin, as compared to NFO group. The total calorie intake (per kg body weight), the dietary intake of fat (per g/kg body weight, per BMI and per percentage of trunk fat) and the percent calorie intake from fat and carbohydrates (g/kg) was higher in the FAO group compared to the NFO group. The FAO subjects consumed more sugar, minerals (including sodium, potassium, calcium and selenium), fat and its components (such as saturated, monounsaturated and trans fat), omega 3 and 6, vitamin D and gamma-tocopherol compared to the NFO group. To our knowledge, this is the first study indicating possible differences in hormonal levels and micro-nutrient intakes between obese individuals classified with and without food addiction. The findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which FA could contribute to obesity.
食物成瘾（FA）的概念可能是普通人群肥胖发展的一个重要促成因素；然而，对于伴有和不伴有FA的肥胖者之间的激素和饮食差异，人们了解甚少。因此，我们研究的目的是探索潜在的生物标志物，包括调节食欲和新陈代谢的各种激素和神经肽，以及可能区分伴有和不伴有FA的肥胖的饮食成分。在从纽芬兰普通人群中招募的737名成年人中，选择了58名年龄、性别、体重指数（BMI）和身体活动相匹配的食物成瘾和非食物成瘾的超重/肥胖个体（FAO组、NFO组）。对空腹血清中的34种神经肽、肠道激素、垂体多肽激素和脂肪因子进行了测量。我们发现，与NFO组相比，FAO组的促甲状腺激素（TSH）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和胰淀素水平较低，但催乳素水平较高。与NFO组相比，FAO组的总热量摄入（每千克体重）、脂肪的饮食摄入量（每克/千克体重、每BMI和每躯干脂肪百分比）以及来自脂肪和碳水化合物的热量摄入百分比（克/千克）更高。与NFO组相比，FAO受试者摄入了更多的糖、矿物质（包括钠、钾、钙和硒）、脂肪及其成分（如饱和脂肪、单不饱和脂肪和反式脂肪）、ω-3和ω-6、维生素D和γ-生育酚。据我们所知，这是第一项表明伴有和不伴有食物成瘾的肥胖个体在激素水平和微量营养素摄入方面可能存在差异的研究。这些发现为FA导致肥胖的机制提供了见解。
