Laricchiuta Daniela, Petrosini Laura
IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy ; Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University "Sapienza" of Rome Rome, Italy.
IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy ; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University "Sapienza" of Rome Rome, Italy.
Front Syst Neurosci. 2014 Dec 22;8:238. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00238. eCollection 2014.
Approach and avoidance behaviors-the primary responses to the environmental stimuli of danger, novelty and reward-are associated with the brain structures that mediate cognitive functionality, reward sensitivity and emotional expression. Individual differences in approach and avoidance behaviors are modulated by the functioning of amygdaloid-hypothalamic-striatal and striatal-cerebellar networks implicated in action and reaction to salient stimuli. The nodes of these networks are strongly interconnected and by acting on them the endocannabinoid and dopaminergic systems increase the intensity of appetitive or defensive motivation. This review analyzes the approach and avoidance behaviors in humans and rodents, addresses neurobiological and neurochemical aspects of these behaviors, and proposes a possible synaptic plasticity mechanism, related to endocannabinoid-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression that allows responding to salient positive and negative stimuli.
趋近和回避行为——对危险、新奇和奖励等环境刺激的主要反应——与介导认知功能、奖励敏感性和情绪表达的脑结构相关。趋近和回避行为的个体差异受到杏仁核-下丘脑-纹状体以及纹状体-小脑网络功能的调节，这些网络与对显著刺激的行动和反应有关。这些网络的节点紧密相连，内源性大麻素和多巴胺能系统通过作用于这些节点来增强食欲或防御动机的强度。本综述分析了人类和啮齿动物的趋近和回避行为，探讨了这些行为的神经生物学和神经化学方面，并提出了一种可能的突触可塑性机制，该机制与内源性大麻素依赖性长时程增强（LTP）和长时程抑制有关，能够对显著的正向和负向刺激做出反应。
