Kendall Neala W, Hard Jeffrey J, Quinn Thomas P
School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA.
National Marine Fishery Service, Northwest Fishery Science Center Seattle, WA, USA.
Evol Appl. 2009 Nov;2(4):523-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00086.x. Epub 2009 Jul 3.
Life history traits of wild animals can be strongly influenced, both phenotypically and evolutionarily, by hunting and fishing. However, few studies have quantified fishery selection over long time periods. We used 57 years of catch and escapement data to document the magnitude of and trends in gillnet selection on age and size at maturity of a commercially and biologically important sockeye salmon stock. Overall, the fishery has caught larger fish than have escaped to spawn, but selection has varied over time, becoming weaker and less consistent recently. Selection patterns were strongly affected by fish age and sex, in addition to extrinsic factors including fish abundance, mesh size regulations, and fish length variability. These results revealed a more complex and changing pattern of selective harvest than the 'larger is more vulnerable' model, emphasizing the need for quantified, multi-year studies before conclusions can be drawn about potential evolutionary and ecological effects of fishery selection. Furthermore, the results indicate that biologically robust escapement goals and prevention of harvest of the largest individuals may help prevent negative effects of size-selective harvest.
野生动物的生活史特征在表型和进化方面都会受到捕猎和捕鱼的强烈影响。然而，很少有研究对长期的渔业选择进行量化。我们利用57年的捕捞和逃逸数据，记录了商业和生物学上重要的红大麻哈鱼种群在成熟时年龄和大小的刺网选择的程度和趋势。总体而言，渔业捕捞的鱼比逃脱产卵的鱼更大，但选择随时间变化，最近变得更弱且更不一致。除了包括鱼的丰度、网目尺寸规定和鱼的长度变异性等外在因素外，选择模式还受到鱼的年龄和性别的强烈影响。这些结果揭示了一种比“越大越易受影响”模型更为复杂和变化的选择性捕捞模式，强调在得出关于渔业选择的潜在进化和生态影响的结论之前，需要进行量化的多年研究。此外，结果表明，生物学上稳健的逃逸目标以及防止捕捞最大个体可能有助于防止大小选择性捕捞的负面影响。
