Vähä Juha-Pekka, Erkinaro Jaakko, Niemelä Eero, Primmer Craig R, Saloniemi Irma, Johansen Morten, Svenning Martin, Brørs Sturla
Department of Biology, University of Turku Turku, Finland.
Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute Oulu, Finland.
Evol Appl. 2011 Jan;4(1):39-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00131.x. Epub 2010 May 10.
The understanding of migration patterns can significantly contribute to conservation and management. The spawning migrations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) cover thousands of kilometers from the feeding areas at sea to their natal rivers to reproduce. Migrating salmon are exposed to intensive harvest, but little is known of the population-specific differences in migration behavior. In this study, timing of return migration was investigated among one-sea-winter Atlantic salmon within a river system. By utilizing knowledge of the genetic population structure, population of origin was reliably identified for c. 1500 fish caught in mixed stock fisheries after adopting an approach to minimize the complications arising from potential nonsampled populations. Results demonstrated significant and temporally stable differences among populations as well as between sexes. Generally, female salmon from tributary populations entered fresh water first. Run timing was not however related to in-river migration distance. Rather, one-sea-winter salmon from larger populations and with a higher proportion of multi-sea-winter females arrived later in the season. These findings are a significant step toward a more thorough understanding of the salmon migration behavior and behavioral ecology, providing concrete tools for the management and conservation of the remaining indigenous Atlantic salmon stocks.
对洄游模式的了解能够极大地促进保护和管理工作。大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）的产卵洄游距离长达数千公里，从海洋中的觅食区域洄游到它们的出生河流进行繁殖。洄游的鲑鱼面临着高强度的捕捞，但对于洄游行为中种群特异性差异却知之甚少。在本研究中，我们调查了一个河流系统内一龄大西洋鲑的洄游时间。通过利用遗传种群结构的知识，在采用一种方法尽量减少潜在未采样种群带来的复杂情况后，可靠地确定了约1500条在混合种群渔业中捕获的鱼的种群来源。结果表明，不同种群之间以及不同性别之间存在显著且随时间稳定的差异。一般来说，来自支流种群的雌性鲑鱼最先进入淡水。然而，洄游时间与河流内的洄游距离无关。相反，来自较大种群且多龄雌性比例较高的一龄鲑鱼在季节后期到达。这些发现是朝着更全面了解鲑鱼洄游行为和行为生态学迈出的重要一步，为剩余的本土大西洋鲑种群的管理和保护提供了具体工具。
