Kremer Heidemarie, Lutz Franz P C, McIntosh Roger C, Dévieux Jessy G, Ironson Gail
Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA Robert Stempel School of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
Clin EEG Neurosci. 2016 Apr;47(2):96-104. doi: 10.1177/1550059414563306. Epub 2015 Jan 6.
Resting EEGs of 40 people living with HIV (PLWH) on long-term antiretroviral treatment were examined for z-scored deviations from a healthy control (normative database) to examine the main and interaction effects of depression and gender. Regions of interest were frontal (alpha) and central (all bands) for interhemispheric asymmetries in quantitative EEGs and theta in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) in low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). Z-scored normed deviations of depressed PLWH, compared with nondepressed, showed right-dominant interhemispheric asymmetries in all regions. However, after adjusting for multiple testing, significance remained only central for theta, alpha, and beta. Reversed (left-dominant) frontal alpha asymmetry is a potential EEG marker of depression in the HIV negative population that was not reversed in depressive PLWH; however, corresponding with extant literature, gender had an effect on the size of frontal alpha asymmetry. The LORETA analysis revealed a trending interactional effect of depression and gender on theta activity in the rACC in Brodmann area 32. We found that compared to men, women had greater right-dominant frontal alpha-asymmetry and elevated theta activity in voxels of the rACC, which may indicate less likelihood of depression and a higher likelihood of response to antidepressants. In conclusion, subtle EEG deviations, such as right-dominant central theta, alpha, and beta asymmetries and theta activity in the rACC may mark HIV-related depressive symptoms and may predict the likelihood of response to antidepressants but gender effects need to be taken into account. Although this study introduced the use of LORETA to examine the neurophysiological correlates of negative affect in PLWH, further research is needed to assess the utility of this tool in diagnostics and treatment monitoring of depression in PLWH.
对40名长期接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）的静息脑电图进行了检查，以检测其与健康对照（标准数据库）的z评分偏差，从而研究抑郁和性别的主要影响及交互作用。在定量脑电图中，感兴趣区域为额叶（α波）和中央区（所有频段），用于检测半球间不对称性；在低分辨率电磁断层扫描（LORETA）中，感兴趣区域为喙前扣带回皮质（rACC）的θ波。与未患抑郁症的PLWH相比，患抑郁症的PLWH的z评分标准化偏差在所有区域均表现为右侧半球占主导的半球间不对称性。然而，在进行多重检验校正后，仅中央区的θ波、α波和β波仍具有显著性。在HIV阴性人群中，额叶α波不对称性逆转（左侧占主导）是抑郁症的潜在脑电图标志物，但在患抑郁症的PLWH中并未逆转；然而，与现有文献一致，性别对额叶α波不对称性的大小有影响。LORETA分析显示，抑郁和性别对Brodmann 32区rACC的θ波活动存在趋势性交互作用。我们发现，与男性相比，女性的右侧额叶α波不对称性更强，rACC体素中的θ波活动增强，这可能表明女性患抑郁症的可能性较小，对抗抑郁药反应的可能性较高。总之，细微的脑电图偏差，如右侧中央区θ波、α波和β波不对称性以及rACC中的θ波活动，可能标志着与HIV相关的抑郁症状，并可能预测对抗抑郁药反应的可能性，但需要考虑性别影响。尽管本研究引入了LORETA来检查PLWH中负面情绪的神经生理相关性，但仍需要进一步研究来评估该工具在PLWH抑郁症诊断和治疗监测中的效用。
