Wilkinson Andrea J, Yang Lixia
Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2016 Jul;71(4):622-9. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbu179. Epub 2015 Jan 7.
The aim of this study is to examine the long-term maintenance of training benefits in inhibition, as measured with the Stroop task, in older adults over 1- and 3-year periods.
Participants from an original 6-session Stroop training study (Wilkinson & Yang, 2012 [Wilkinson, A. J., & Yang, L. (2012). Plasticity of inhibition in older adults: Retest practice and transfer effects. Psychology and Aging, 27, 606-615. doi:10.1037/a0025926]) were invited to come back to the lab to complete a single session of the Stroop task at 2 different time points. Thirty-three older adults returned for the 1-year follow-up session, and 26 of them returned for the 3-year follow-up session.
The results revealed maintenance of the training-induced inhibition gains at both follow-up sessions. Furthermore, performance at the 2 follow-up sessions was better (i.e., reduced Stroop ratio interference score) than baseline level.
The findings demonstrate the durability of inhibition training gains in older adults for up to a 3-year period. These results further extend the literature on long-term maintenance of cognitive training benefits in older adults by examining the durability of training effects in inhibition, an important executive function, and by covering a substantial maintenance period (i.e., up to 3 years).
本研究旨在探讨老年人在1年和3年期间，通过Stroop任务测量的抑制训练效果的长期维持情况。
邀请一项最初为期6节的Stroop训练研究（威尔金森和杨，2012年[威尔金森，A.J.，&杨，L.（2012年）。老年人抑制功能的可塑性：重测练习和迁移效应。《心理学与衰老》，27，606 - 615。doi:10.1037/a0025926]）中的参与者回到实验室，在2个不同时间点完成单节的Stroop任务。33名老年人返回参加1年随访，其中26人返回参加3年随访。
结果显示在两次随访中训练引起的抑制能力提升得以维持。此外，两次随访时的表现均优于基线水平（即Stroop比率干扰得分降低）。
研究结果表明老年人抑制训练效果可持续长达3年。这些结果通过考察抑制（一项重要的执行功能）训练效果的持久性，并涵盖了较长的维持期（即长达3年），进一步扩展了关于老年人认知训练益处长期维持的文献。
