Nielsen Jens Bo, Willerslev-Olsen Maria, Christiansen Lasse, Lundbye-Jensen Jesper, Lorentzen Jakob
a Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports , University of Copenhagen , Denmark.
J Mot Behav. 2015;47(1):7-17. doi: 10.1080/00222895.2014.931273.
Neuroscience has fundamentally changed the understanding of learning and memory within recent years. Here, the authors discuss a number of specific areas where they believe new understanding of the CNS from basic science is having a fundamental impact on neurorehabilitation and is leading to new therapeutic approaches. These areas have constituted a basis for development of some basic principles for neurorehabilitation: Optimal rehabilitation should involve (a) active (patient) participation in the training, (b) training that does not only involve many repetitions, but also continues to challenge the skill of the training person, (c) motivation and reward, (d) intensive training and practice over a long time, (e) careful organization of the training in relation to other activities, and (f) incorporation of other potentially beneficial parameters such as sleep and diet. It should in this relation also be pointed out that albeit neurorehabilitation may be predicted to have the most optimal effect early in life and as soon after injury as possible, there is no reason to believe that beneficial effects of training may not be obtained late in life or several years after injury.
近年来，神经科学从根本上改变了人们对学习和记忆的理解。在此，作者讨论了一些特定领域，他们认为基础科学对中枢神经系统的新认识正在对神经康复产生根本性影响，并催生出新的治疗方法。这些领域构成了神经康复一些基本原则的发展基础：最佳康复应包括（a）（患者）积极参与训练，（b）训练不仅要多次重复，还要持续挑战受训者的技能，（c）激励和奖励，（d）长时间的强化训练和练习，（e）与其他活动相关的训练的精心组织，以及（f）纳入其他潜在有益因素，如睡眠和饮食。在这方面还应指出，尽管预计神经康复在生命早期以及受伤后尽快进行会产生最理想的效果，但没有理由认为在生命后期或受伤数年之后进行训练不会获得有益效果。
