Roller Benjamin R K, Schmidt Thomas M
1] Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, East Lansing, MI, USA [2] Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA [3] Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
1] Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA [2] Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA [3] Microbiology and Immunology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
ISME J. 2015 Jul;9(7):1481-7. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2014.235. Epub 2015 Jan 9.
The natural habitats of microbes are typically spatially structured with limited resources, so opportunities for unconstrained, balanced growth are rare. In these habitats, selection should favor microbes that are able to use resources most efficiently, that is, microbes that produce the most progeny per unit of resource consumed. On the basis of this assertion, we propose that selection for efficiency is a primary driver of the composition of microbial communities. In this article, we review how the quality and quantity of resources influence the efficiency of heterotrophic growth. A conceptual model proposing innate differences in growth efficiency between oligotrophic and copiotrophic microbes is also provided. We conclude that elucidation of the mechanisms underlying efficient growth will enhance our understanding of the selective pressures shaping microbes and will improve our capacity to manage microbial communities effectively.
微生物的自然栖息地通常在空间上结构有限且资源稀缺，因此不受限制的平衡生长机会很少。在这些栖息地中，选择应有利于那些能够最有效地利用资源的微生物，即每消耗单位资源产生最多后代的微生物。基于这一论断，我们提出对效率的选择是微生物群落组成的主要驱动力。在本文中，我们综述了资源的质量和数量如何影响异养生长的效率。还提供了一个概念模型，该模型提出了贫营养型和富营养型微生物在生长效率上的内在差异。我们得出结论，阐明高效生长的潜在机制将增进我们对塑造微生物的选择压力的理解，并提高我们有效管理微生物群落的能力。
