Zieliński Marek, Kamińska Joanna, Czerska Marta, Ligocka Danuta, Urbaniak Magdalena
Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland,
Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2014 Dec;27(6):902-18. doi: 10.2478/s13382-014-0336-y. Epub 2015 Jan 10.
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are unwanted by-products in a variety of industrial and thermal processes. They have been present on Earth long before the human era, since they may be also formed as a result of forest fires or volcanic explosions. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in turn, have been intentionally produced by humans. Poland was a minor producer of PCB mixtures (Chlorofen and Tarnol), which were a source of direct and indirect environmental diffusion with PCB and less with PCDDs/PCDFs. Industrial accidents with PCDDs/PCDFs were absent in Poland. Their stability and resistance to thermal breakdown made them very dangerous for environment and, in consequence, due to their environmental persistence, bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the terrestrial and aquatic food chains, to humans. Humans may become affected by PCDDs/PCDFs and PCBs through environmental (soil and water contamination, fish and food), occupational (incinerators; pulp, paper and metallurgy industry; copper production), or accidental (Seveso accident) exposure. The aim of this review was to evaluate environmental hazard caused by PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like-PCBs in the central region of Poland based on the accessible data on diffusion of those compounds in sediments and riverine, reservoir and storm water from our previous studies and discussed in the context of other achievements in Poland and elsewhere.
多氯二苯并对二噁英（PCDDs）和多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDFs）是各种工业和热加工过程中产生的有害副产品。早在人类时代之前，它们就已存在于地球上，因为森林火灾或火山爆发也可能导致其形成。而多氯联苯（PCBs）则是由人类故意生产的。波兰曾是多氯联苯混合物（氯芬和塔诺尔）的小产量生产国，这些混合物是多氯联苯直接和间接环境扩散的来源，多氯二苯并对二噁英/多氯二苯并呋喃的扩散较少。波兰没有发生过多氯二苯并对二噁英/多氯二苯并呋喃的工业事故。它们的稳定性和耐热分解性使其对环境非常危险，因此，由于它们在陆地和水生食物链中的环境持久性、生物累积和生物放大作用，也对人类构成危险。人类可能通过环境（土壤和水污染、鱼类和食物）、职业（焚化炉；纸浆、造纸和冶金工业；铜生产）或意外（塞韦索事故）接触而受到多氯二苯并对二噁英/多氯二苯并呋喃和多氯联苯的影响。本综述的目的是根据我们之前研究中关于这些化合物在沉积物、河流、水库和雨水中扩散的可获取数据，评估波兰中部地区多氯二苯并对二噁英、多氯二苯并呋喃和类二噁英多氯联苯造成的环境危害，并结合波兰和其他地区的其他研究成果进行讨论。
